PARTICIPLE PHRASES USED TO REDUCE ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 500.
LANGUAGE FOCUS
· An adverbial clause (time, place, and reason) is a type of dependent clause which answers such question as “When”, “Where”, “Why”
· An adverbial clause of time tells when the action described by the main verb took place. This clause is introduced by when, while, as, as soon as, since, whenever, after, and before.
· An adverbial clause of place tells where the action describes by the main verb occurred. This clause is introduced by where, wherever, everywhere, and anywhere
· An adverbial clause of reason answers the question why. A reason clause is introduced by because, since, and as.
Adverbial clauses of time and reason can be reduced into participial phrases.
A participial phrase is formed:
In ACTIVE VOICE, as : Present Participle + complements
In PASSIVE VOICE, as : Past Participle + complements
Notice the way the following participial phrases replace reason clauses:
· Because CFCs were ozone destroyers, they (in aerosols in some countries like the US) were banned
ð Being ozone destroyers, CFCs (in aerosols in some countries like the US) were banned
· As the crowd was impressed by her speech, they cheered loudly.
ð Impressed by her speech, the crowd cheered loudly.
· After they reach the stratosphere, CFCs are broken down by UV rays
ð After reaching the stratosphere, CFCs are broken down by UV rays
Task 5:Using participial phrases to reduce adverbial clauses in the following sentences.
1. As a home computer can perform time-consuming tasks, it frees individuals to do other things.
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2. Some countries agree to ban CFCs in aerosols because they knew how dangerous
CFCs were to the ozone layer.
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3. After the reports on air pollution had been typed, they were submitted to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)
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4. As he is the director of the company, he must be in charge of what is happening there.
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5. Many people want to settle in foreign countries because they think that life will be easier for them there
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6. After the materials of more than fifty years old had been packed, they were put in the store room.
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7. As the matter is being discussed hotly, it attracts much attention form the public.
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Task 6:Complete the following sentences using the information in the table below
| Product | Price | ||||||||||||
| Ami Pro 2.0 | ₤445 | 135,000 | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | Drawing, charting, image processing | Lotus 0784 455445 | |
| JustWrite | ₤199 | 100,000 | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | Table editor, DDE support | Symantec 0628 776343 | |
| Professionl Write Plus | ₤249 | 130,000 | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | Harvard graphics import | Sofware Publishir 0344 867100 | |
| Upword | ₤395 | OCED | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | DDE links with DOS and Windows | Wang 081 568920 | |
| Word for Windows 2 | ₤445 | 130,000 | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | Many DTP capabilities, plus Drawing and charting tools | Microsoft 0734 270000 |
| Wordperfect For Windows | ₤399 | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | Prowerful macro command language | Wordperfect Corp | ||
| Wordstar for Windows | ₤399 | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | Keystroke compatible with Wordstar 6 | Wordstar Internati 081 6438866 |
| 1. Spell check dictionary size 2. Thesaurus 3. Grammar check 4. Mail merge 5. Outliner | 6. Multiple ruler 7. Style sheets 8. Auto numbering 9. Multiple columns 10. Word count |
1…………….and ……………….. are the only two packages without a grammar check facility.
2……………. is the cheapest product.
3.Only Wordstar for Windows and Word for Windows 2………
4. ……………….. and …………have the same number of words in their spell check dictionaries
5………….. and ……………….are both the most expensive products
Task 7:The table on the following page contains information about five DTP products
(a-e). Using the hints below, identify the products
1. PageMaker 4.0 and Ventura Publisher 4.0 are both the same price.
2. PageMaker 3.01 has the fewest features.
3. Ventura Publisher Windows 4.0has a spellcheck and an auto numbering facility.
4. Legacy is cheaper than AmiPro for Windows 2.0
a………….. b……………… c…………… d…………… e……................
| Price | Comments | Supplier and tel. no. | ||||||||||
| a | ₤445 | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | Graphics based WP system with DTP featues | Lotus 0784 455445 | ||
| b | ₤420 | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | DDE compatible. Import/export of text and graphics | NBI Ltd 0753 74118 | |||
| c | ₤615 | ∙ | ∙ | Includes Windows | Aldus (UK) Ltd 031 220 4747 | |||||||
| d | ₤695 | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | Adobe Type Manager included | Aldus (UK) Ltd 031 220 4747 | |
| e | ₤695 | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | ∙ | Full 24 – bit colour support | Ventura Software 0753 550022 |
| 1. Input tagging 2. Search and replace 3. Spell check 4. Auto numbering 5. Table of contents | 6. Index generation 7. Auto kerning 8. Text at any angle 9. Curved text |
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