PLANNING AND ORGANZING

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 453.

MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS.

Unit III

Say what you've learned from the text about staff and line organization structures.

Answer the questions.

1. What does the organization structure mean?

2. Why is it important?

3. What is historically the oldest type of organization structure?

4. What is the main idea of line structure?

5. How does it work?

6. What does the line chain of command provide?

7. When does it become necessary to add staff specialists?

8. What kind of activities do they perform?
What is the difference between line and staff departments?

9. Why is an advertising department or a credit department considered staff structure rather than line structure?

The main functions are planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling.

Planning involves selecting objectives and the actions to achieve them, it requires decision making.

Decision making is choosing future courses of action from among alternatives. No real plan exists until a decision has been made. Before a decision is made, all we have is a planning study, an analysis, or a proposal, but not a real plan.

Planning bridges a gap from where we are to where we want to be in a desired future. It strongly implies not only the introduction of new things but also sensible and workable implementation.

These is no more important and basic element in establishing an environment for performance than enabling people to know their purposes and objectives, the tasks to be performed, and the guidelines to be followed in performing them. If group effort is to be effective, people must know what they are expected to accomplish.

Organizing. People working together in groups to achieve some goals must have roles to play, much like the parts actors fill in a drama.

The concept of a «role» implies that what people do has a definite purpose or objective; they know how their job objective fits into group effort, and they have the necessary authority, tools and information to accomplish the task.

Organizing is that part of managing that involves establishing an intentional structure* of roles for people to fill in an organization. It is intentional in the sense of making sure that all the tasks necessary to accomplish goals are assigned to people who can do them best. The purpose of an organization structure is to help in creating an environment for human performance. It is a management tool and not an end in and of itself.

Although the structure must define the tasks to be done, the roles so established must also be designed in the light of the abilities and motivations of people available.

To design an effective organization structure is not an easy managerial task. Many problems are involved in making structures fit situations, including both defining the kind of jobs that must be done and finding the people to do them.