Warming-up
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 492.
Airplane parts and their functions
Answer the following questions:
· Have you ever travelled by plane? Did you enjoy the experience? Why/ why not?
· Where do the crew and the pilot sit during the flight?
· What is the main body of an aircraft?
· Where do passengers sit?
· What parts of the aircraft help it to take off and land? etc.
a) Study new vocabulary.
Vocabulary:
| wing – êðûëî empennage – õâîñòîâîå îïåðåíèå fuselage – êîðïóñ ñàìîëåòà, ôþçåëÿæ cockpit – êàáèíà ïèëîòà engine compartment – îòñåê äâèãàòåëÿ passenger compartment – ïàññàæèðñêèé îòñåê, ïàññàæèðñêèé ñàëîí engine – äâèãàòåëü low-wing aircraft –ËÀ ñ íèçêèì ðàñïîëîæåíèåì êðûëà high-wing aircraft – ËÀ ñ âûñîêèì ðàñïîëîæåíèåì êðûëà mid-wing aircraft – ËÀ ñî ñðåäíèì ðàñïîëîæåíèåì êðûëà low tailplane aircraft – ËÀ ñ íèçêî ðàñïîëîæåííûì õâîñòîâûì îïåðåíèåì high tailplane aircraft (T-tail aircraft)– ËÀ ñ âûñîêî ðàñïîëîæåííûì õâîñòîâûì îïåðåíèåì tricycle undercarriage – òð¸õîïîðíîå øàññè landing gear – øàññè propeller – âîçäóøíûé âèíò, ïðîïåëëåð | leading edge – ïåðåäíÿÿ êðîìêà êðûëà trailing edge – çàäíÿÿ êðîìêà êðûëà aileron – ýëåðîí flap – çàêðûëîê horizontal stabilizer (tail plane BE) – ñòàáèëèçàòîð ãîðèçîíòàëüíûé vertical stabilizer (fin BE) – ñòàáèëèçàòîð âåðòèêàëüíûé rudder – ðóëü íàïðàâëåíèÿ yaw – ðûñêàíèå, ïîâîðîò îòíîñèòåëüíî âåðòèêàëüíîé îñè elevator – ðóëü âûñîòû pitch – òàíãàæ, êðåí âîçäóøíîãî ñóäíà îòíîñèòåëüíî ïîïåðå÷íîé îñè roll – êðåí îòíîñèòåëüíî ïðîäîëüíîé îñè taildragger – ËÀ ñ õâîñòîâîé îïîðîé wing root – êîðíåâàÿ ÷àñòü êðûëà wing tip – êîíöåâîé îáòåêàòåëü êðûëà baggage compartment – áàãàæíûé îòñåê fairing – îáòåêàòåëü spinner – îáòåêàòåëü âòóëêè |
b) Watch the film «Bits of an aircraft» on http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBT_oHYDr9Q and match the English terms with their definitions.
1. Empennage
| a. the main body of an aircraft, excluding the wings, tailplane, and vertical stabilizer; b. a flap hinged to the trailing edge of an aircraft wing to provide lateral control, as in a bank or roll; c. a movable surface fixed to the trailing edge of an aircraft wing that increases lift during takeoff and drag during landing; d. the full span of the main supporting surface on both sides of an aircraft; e. a vertical surface to which the rudder is attached, usually placed at the rear of an airplane to give stability about the vertical axis; f. the movement of an aircraft about its lateral axis; g. a machine designed to convert energy, esp. heat energy, into mechanical work; h. the rear part of an aircraft, comprising the vertical stabilizer, rudder, and horizontal stabilizer; i. a movement in which an aircraft makes one complete rotation about its longitudinal axis without loss of height or change in direction; j. a vertical control surface attached to the rear of the fin used to steer an aircraft, in conjunction with the ailerons; k. the assembly of wheels, shock absorbers, struts, etc., that supports an aircraft on the ground and enables it to take off and land; l. the compartment in an aircraft in which the pilot and the crew sit; m. an external metal structure fitted around parts of an aircraft, car, vessel, etc., to reduce drag; n. a small horizontal wing at the tail of an aircraft to provide longitudinal stability o. a streamlined fairing that fits over and revolves with the hub of an aircraft propeller; p. the angular movement of an aircraft, missile, etc., about its vertical axis; q. a control surface on the horizontal stabilizer of an aircraft, for making it climb or descend |
c) Watch a part of the film «Bits of an aircraft» on http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBT_oHYDr9Q(0:57 – 5:35) and fill in the gaps.
This is an aeroplane. The main 1) ____________________________ the wings, which are one of the more important parts of a plane; the empennage which is the whole of the back construction there; the fuselage which is where the 2) ___________ is and the passengers' seats are; the engine compartment which contains the engine. Looking at these sections in more detail there are several parts to the wing. The part of the wing that 3) ____________ to the rest of the aircraft is called the wing root. The opposite to the wing root is the wing tip which is 4) _____________________. There is also the leading edge which is the very front of the wing and the trailing edge which is the very back. We also have 5) __________________ on the wing to help us control the plane. These are the ailerons and they are usually situated on the alter part of the wing. In addition the flaps shown there on the wing are used to help to 6) _________________ and slow us down when we are coming in for landing which is always helpful. To the empennage now. It is made of the horizontal stabilizer and the vertical stabilizer. Again a thrilling installment awaits you in a later video regarding this. They help to keep the aircraft in control. If you do not have them vomit turning madly around the cabin would be the least of your concerns as you plunge towards the ground in a wildly-twisting fashion. The empennage is also made up of the rudder which controls the aircraft in 7)____________ and the elevators which control the aircraft in 8) __________. The fuselage contains the cockpit, the seats and 9) ____________________. This front window is what you look out of to see where you were going. Here is you are on your first lesson. These other windows are for the passengers to gaze out of and also for you, the pilot, to use to avoid other 10) _______________ which might be approaching and that could really ruin your day. On this aircraft there is only one door on the
11) ________________________ which is comforting. You get away by climbing over the wing which is always a dignifying process. Some aircrafts have better systems of entry, others worse, much worse.
The engine is in the engine compartment and in the aircraft you'd be flying for your PPL. This will probably be a 12)________________________. The propeller takes the power generated by the engine and uses it to push air backwards and therefore pulls the rest of the aircraft forwards. The triangular thing in front of the propeller is a spinner which is 13) ____________________________ the hub of the propeller to help make everything more aerodynamic and save you from a vomit syndrome, at least a little bit. Another quite heavy thing to have on an aircraft is landing gear. And these are the wheels on the aircraft. In this drawing they are covered in those red fairings to help them more 14) ______________________________________. These do have the annoying side effect of getting filled with grass, soil and occasionally small animals. So your aircraft may just have a naked landing gear like these. So that is the Cherokee described. It is a low-wing aircraft which means the wings are attached to the 15)_______________________. It also has a low tailplane meaning a horizontal stabilizer is attached to 16) ________________________________________ and the tricycle undercarriage meaning it has a nose wheel. You can also get high-wing aircraft like this Cessna. As you can see from masterful artistic ability the wings are attached to the top of the fuselage. It has an attractive mid-wing look called such because the wing is in the middle of the fuselage. In both cases the structures of the wings are 17)________________________ and they have wing roots and wing tips, ailerons and flaps, etc. High-tail plane aircraft (t-tail) looks like this. So you should be able to guess why it is also known as T-tail aircraft. Again it still has a vertical stabilizer, elevators, rudders and the like. It is just the positioning of 18)____________________ that is different. This is an example of a taildragger aircraft. As you can see it rests on it's tail as it is opposed to it's nose. Hopefully this explains the fundamentals of an aircraft for you.
Vocabulary and reading:
a) Use the words from the box to label the picture.
| nose, windshield, antenna (aerial BE), aileron, spoiler, flap, slat, winglet, fuselage, rudder, elevator, vertical stabilizer (fin BE), horizontal stabilizer (tail plane BE), landing gear, emergency exit, radome, light, cockpit, wing, turbine engine |
(Oxford English for Aviation)
b) Watch a small video on http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=isATVRTV0r4 presented by Science Keener1. Check your answers.
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