LANGUAGE PRACTICE

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 445.

Ex.1. Give derivative nouns of the following verbs:

to discover

to settle

to inhabit

to border

to populate

to flood

to diversify

to invade

to occupy

to intervene

to conquer

to defeat

to destroy

to resist

to protect

to maintain

to expand

to ally

to betray

to menace

to avoid

to declare

to sign

to remove

to rebel

to avoid

to preserve

to recognize

to strengthen

to reduce

to abolish

to delegate

to cancel

to resign

to govern

to seize

Use the above verbs to make word combinations with the words and phrases given below.

Translate them into Russian.

new lands

army

war

independence

peace

a treaty

overseas territory

a country

a law

slavery

power

an army

authority

consequences

tension

territory

Ex.2. Match the terms with their definitions and learn them.

Ex.3.Choose the right word out of those given in brackets while reading about the earliest days of Britain.

In the 1^st century AD at the time of (Viking, Norman, Roman) conquest of Britain, Wales was inhabited by (Celts, Celtic Britons, Beaker Folk). When the Roman legions were withdrawn from Britain in the early (4^th, 5^th, 6^th) century, the people of Wales were much as they were before the Romans came. Christianity was introduced in the (3^rd, 4^th, 6^th) century. St. David, one of the many monasteries they founded, became a center of (Celtic, Norman, English) culture.

In the 6^th – 7^th centuries the invading (Vikings, Anglo-Saxons, Normans) drove across England and reached the western coast at Chester and the Bristol Channel. They cut off the Welsh from their fellow Celts in Cumbria and Cornwall.

Late in the 11^th century the Normans conquered (northern, southern, western) Wales, but the rest of the country maintained its independence until the reign of Edward I. Campaigns in 1276 and 1282 finally brought the Welsh land under (Norman, English, French) rule.

Ex.4. Complete the text by adding suitable prepositions from the box and explain the essence of the social system predominant under feudalism.

The feudal mode of production was based ___ a combination of the large landholdings of the feudal lords and the small individual farms of the direct producers, the peasants, who were exploited ___ extra economic constraint, as characteristic ___ feudalism as economic exploitation is ___ capitalism. Since the peasant functioned as the owner of his land allotment, extra economic constraints ranging ___serfdom ___ mere social inequality were necessary to enable the feudal lord to collect his land rent, and the independent farm was necessary to enable the peasant to produce it. This form of subordination and exploitation of the direct producers, unique ___ feudalism, enabled the peasant family farm, which was best suited ___ the level of productive forces achieved ___ that time, to function as the basis of social production as a whole. The relative economic independence of the peasant ___ the age of feudalism, compared ___ the status of the slave in slaveholding societies, permitted an increase ___the productivity of peasant labor and the growth of society's productive forces. ___ the final analysis, this is what determined the historically progressive nature of feudalism, compared ___ the slaveholding and primitive communal systems.

___ feudalism, a social system ___ a predominantly agrarian, subsistence economy and small-scale individual production, agricultural technology developed slowly and tradition and custom played an important role.

An essential feature of the Middle Ages, feudalism as an era in world history lasted ___ the end of the fifth century ___ the middle of the 17th.