LAND He visited many lands and saw a lot of people.

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 506.

Roofs

Roofs

a high pitched roof - крыша с крутыми скатами

a low pitched roof - крыша с пологими скатами

a domed roof - купольная крыша

ply - слой a slope - скат

shingle - кровельная дранка, кровля

to constrain - принуждать, сдерживать

a void – пустота

A roof is the top covering of a building that sheds rain or snow, keeping the building interior dry. Roofs may be 'pitched', 'domed', 'low slope' or 'flat' in form; however, roofs are rarely truly flat. Flat roofs are commonly found on industrial/commercial type structures while low slope is found on pre-fabricated or steel structures. Pitched roofs are the primary design found on residential homes. The most common type of flat roof for industrial/commercial structures are the conventional built-up-roof assembly and protected roof membrane assembly.

Roof shapes and pitches are often the product of design, material constraints and/or climatic considerations. Roof designs in mild climates or where there is little precipitation tend to exhibit flat roofs and drainage at the exterior wall. In northern climates where temperatures drop below freezing we see major charges in both flat roof and pitch roof design. The need for greater thermal resistance will dictate the type of roof design as well as the waterproofing membrane v specification. In areas that have a high accumulation of snow such as Buffalo USA or Montreal Canada a minimum slope of 4 inches in 12 inches (4/12) of roof surface is required. We often see roof pitches that exceed 45 or 50 degrees. Drainage on cold climate roofs is typically installed at interior locations rather than on the exterior wall as we see in the southern climates. By placing the drains toward the interior freezing of the rainwater leader is avoided. Weight of accumulated snow has been known to cause major damage to structures, freeze thaw cycling plays havoc on the flat roof assembly as well as the pitch roof design. Migrating water during thaw periods enters voids then freezes and expands. Daily repetitions of this cycling effect eventually causes damage to the shingle and/or membrane.

земля, страна Он посетил много стран и видел много людей.