ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 390.
UNIT SIX
I. Compare and contrast the political and economic changes which took place in Great Britain and the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries. State the reasons for these particular changes. Make use of text 30 from SUPPLEMENTARY READER.
DISCUSSION
| Political changes | |
| The USA | Reasons |
| GB | Reasons |
| Economic changes | |
| The USA | Reasons |
| GB | Reasons |
II. On the basis of text 30 from SUPPLEMENTARY READER answer the following questions:
- Prove that Great Britain continued to prosper in the 18th century.
- Why did the power of the king continue to decline?
- How strong was opposition to Walpole and the Whigs in 1720-1742?
- Do you agree with the concept that “industrial revolution best sums up the profound economic changes in Britain in 1760-1830?
- What was the life of the British like in the18th century?
- Prove that in the 19th century GB became the strongest world power. Speak about great changes in the lives of British people.
- When did Britain “lose” America?
- What changes happened in social structure?
| An Initial Look at Demand What do We Mean by Demand? The Law of Demand Elasticity of Demand |
1. Cut n – the act of reducing the amount, number or rate of something – ñêîðî÷åííÿ, çíèæåííÿ, çìåíøåííÿ. Cut in sales –çìåíøåííÿ òîâàðîîáîðîòó, cut/decreased/reduced price –çíèæåíà ö³íà, price cut/cut in price -çíèæåííÿ ö³íè. Syn.a reduction, a decrease, a decline, a fall.
2. Demand (for something)n – the act of demanding or requesting something forcefully – ïîïèò, ïîòðåáà, âèìîãà. Actual demand – ôàêòè÷íèé/ä³éñíèé ïîïèò, a change/increase/ decrease in demand – çì³íà/çá³ëüøåííÿ/çìåíøåííÿ ïîïèòó, consumer/consumptive/ customer demand – ñïîæèâ÷èé ïîïèò, decreased/increased demand – çìåíøåíèé/ çá³ëüøåíèé ïîïèò, great/high/enormous/strong demand – âåëèêèé ïîïèò.To be in (good/great) demand –êîðèñòóâàòèñÿ (âåëèêèì) ïîïèòîì,to meet/satisfy/supply a demand – çàäîâîëüíÿòè ïîòðåáó,to meet/satisfy/supply the demand – çàäîâîëüíèòè/çàäîâîëüíÿòè ïîïèò.
3. Demandv – to request something clearly and firmly in a way that is difficult to ignore or deny – âèìàãàòè, ïîòðåáóâàòè. Syn. to call for, to require.
4. Diminishv – to make something smaller or less important, or become smaller or less important – çìåíøóâàòè(ñÿ), ñêîðî÷óâàòè(ñÿ).Diminishing marginal utility – ãðàíè÷íà ñïàäíà êîðèñí³ñòü. Syn. to decline, to decrease.
5. Discourage v. – to make someone feel less confident, enthusiastic and positive about something, or less willing to do something – çíåîõî÷óâàòè, â³äáèâàòè îõîòó; â³äìîâëÿòè; â³äðàäæóâàòè, ïåðåøêîäæàòè, çàâàæàòè, ñòðèìóâàòè.
6. Itemn – a single thing in a list, group or collection of things – âèð³á, òîâàð, âèä òîâàðó.Syn. an article, a thing.
7. Necessity n – something that a person needs, especially in order to live – íåîáõ³äí³ñòü, ïîòðåáà, ïðåäìåò ïåðøî¿ íåîáõ³äíîñò³. Syn. a need.
8. Necessitiesn – things needed to support life – ïðåäìåòè/òîâàðè ïåðøî¿ íåîáõ³äíîñò³. Basic necessities –ïðåäìåòè/òîâàðè ïåðøî¿ íåîáõ³äíîñò³. Syn. essential goods, essentials.
9. Quantityn – an amount or number of something especially that can be measured or is fixed – ê³ëüê³ñòü, ðîçì³ð, âåëè÷èíà. Price-quantity combination –êîìá³íàö³ÿ/ïîºäíàííÿ ö³íè òà ê³ëüêîñò³, quantity demanded – âåëè÷èíà ïîïèòó,quantity supplied – âåëè÷èíà ïðîïîçèö³¿.
10. Respond to v - to act or do something in return to a force or stimulus – ðåàãóâàòè, ðîáèòè ùîñü ó â³äïîâ³äü. To respond to the demand – çàäîâîëüíèòè ïîïèò. Syn. to react to.
11. Shift v – to change place, position or direction – ïåðåì³ùóâàòè. To shift to the left/to the right – ïåðåì³ùóâàòèñü âë³âî/âïðàâî.
12. Slope v – to take an inclined course – íàõèëÿòèñÿ, ìàòè íàõèë. To slope down/downward –îïóñêàòèñÿ ïîëîãî, to slope up/upward– ï³äí³ìàòèñÿ ïîëîãî.
13. Substitute something for something– to use something instead of another thing – çàì³íþâàòè ùîñü ÷èìîñü.
14. Suffer v – to experience or undergo something unpleasant or undesirable – çàçíàâàòè, ïîòåðïàòè. To suffer a cut/decrease in sales – çàçíàâàòè çìåíøåííÿ îáñÿãó ïðîäàæó/ òîâàðîîáîðîòó, to suffer losses – çàçíàâàòè çáèòê³â. Syn. to incur, to sustain.
15. Tendv – to be generally inclined to react or behave in a particular way, or be in the habit of doing something – ìàòè ñõèëüí³ñòü (òåíäåíö³þ), áóòè ñõèëüíèì, òÿæ³òè. Syn. to be apt.
16. Usefulnessn. – a quality of having utility and especially practical worth or applicability – êîðèñí³ñòü. Item's usefulness–êîðèñí³ñòü òîâàðó. Syn. utility.
17. Vary v. –to change within a range of possibilities, or in connection with something else – ì³íÿòè(ñÿ), çì³íþâàòè(ñÿ), âàð³þâàòè. To vary inversely/directly with– çì³íþâàòèñÿ îáåðíåíî/ïðÿìî ïðîïîðö³éíî äî.
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