R. Emmerson

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 439.

It is easy in the world to live after the world's opinions; it is easy in solitude to live after your own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

R. Donnel

The man who follows a crowd will never be followed by a crowd.

D. Hume

Character is the result of a system of stereotyped principals.

INTERESTING QUOTATIONS

Unit 7. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY

Text A Classification of mental disorders Text В Bipolar disorder

CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL DISORDERS

World War II created a greater need for classification systems of mental disorders. The existence of several different classification sys­tems such as АРА (American Psychological Association), the US Army, and the US Navy, and the Veterans Administration (which all had sepa­rate classification systems) made communication among mental health professionals difficult. Therefore, in 1952 the American Psychological Association created the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which was designed to be the standard for mental health classifications in the US. The DSM has since undergone four re­visions.

Diagnostic criteria for the most common mental disorders include: description, diagnosis, treatment, and research findings. The Diag­nostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is published by the American Psychiatric Association. The book is considered the 'bible' for any professional who makes psychiatric diagnoses in the United States and many other countries. Some of the disorders described in the man­ual are listed below.

Anxiety Disorders include different types of phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder (obsessive thoughts and compulsive rituals), and panic disorder (panic attacks). Anxiety is a feeling of tension associated with a sense of threat of danger when the source of the danger is not known. In contrast, fear is a feeling of tension that is associated with a known source of danger. It is normal for us to have some mild anxiety present in our daily lives. However, heightened anxiety is emotionally painful. It disrupts a person's daily functioning.

Eating Disorders are characterized by disturbances in eating behav­ior. This can mean eating too much, not eating enough, or eating in an extremely unhealthy manner. Many people argue that simple overeating should be considered a disorder, but at this time it is not in this cate­gory. Eating disorders include anorexia nervosa (self imposed starva­tion) and bulimia nervosa (binge eating and dieting).

TEXT A. Classification of mental disorders ШшЯШШ!

Mood Disorders include those where the primary symptom is a dis­turbance in mood. To be diagnosed with a mood disorder, your feelings must be to the extreme. Mood disorders include bipolar disorder, cyclothymic disorder (mania with depression), dysthymic disorder (prolonged minor depression with mania) and major depressive disorder (major depression without mania). _f

Personality Disorders are a group of mental disturbances defined as a pattern of inner experiences and behaviors that are rigid and deep-seated to bring a person into repeated conflicts with his or her so­cial and occupational environment. In addition, the patient usually sees the disorder as being consistent with his or her self image and may blame others. They include antisocial personality disorder (impulsive, aggressive, manipulative), borderline personality disorder (impulsive, self-destructive, unstable), paranoid personality disorder (suspicious, distrustful), suspicious personality disorder (socially distant, detached) and others.

Substance Related Disorders include alcohol dependence, cocaine dependence, nicotine dependence, seductive dependence. Other disor­ders listed in the manual include autistic disorder, dementia and delirium.

VOCABULARY

Primary — первичный

bipolar disorders биполярные расстройства

cyclothymic disorders циклотимические расстройства

personality disorders нарушения личности

rigid твердый, негибкий

to blame винить

self-destructive саморазрушительный

suspicious подозрительный

substance related disorders - нарушения, связанные со злоупотребле­ниями субстанциями

alcohol dependence алкогольная зависимость

autistic аутизм

disorder dementia слабоумие

delirium делирий