Функции герундия в предложении

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 421.

Формы герундия

The Gerund

ГЕРУНДИЙ

Герундий – это неличная форма глагола, которая имеет признаки, как глагола, так и существительного и всегда выражает действие как развивающийся процесс (напр.: burning – горение, heating – нагревание).

X. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая особое внимание на герундий в функции:

· подлежащего:

1. Measuring resistance is necessary in many experiments. 2. Grinding is the removal of metal by a rotating abrasive wheel. 3. Cooling increases tool life and helps to stabilize the size of the finished part. 4. Punching is the forming of small openings in the metal. 5. Cutting out is the forming of large holes in the metal.

· прямого и предложного дополнения:

1. This action closely resembles conventional machining. 2. The ALU is capable of performing two classes of operations: arithmetic and logic. 3. The use of the machine tools was speeded by developing, in 1830, measuring instruments accurate to a millionth of a centimetre. 4. Modern steam turbine designs continue using both reaction and impulse concepts to some degrees when it is possible. 5. The pressure of the gas began changing while it was moving through the turbine rotor blades. 6. TNC Corporation goes on designing, producing and marketing manually controlled metalworking lathes. 7. They gave up discussing the problem of a higher wear rate due to their higher working speeds.

· определения:

1. Science is a system of acquiring knowledge through experience and research. 2. In scientific research, an experiment is a method of investigating relationships or testing a hypothesis. 3. Statistical methods are mathematical techniques for summarizing and analyzing data. 4. Spacecraft need an electrical power generation and distribution subsystem for powering the various spacecraft subsystems. 5. Tribology is the science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative motion. 6. There is no specific standard for testing or measuring a materials wear resistance.

· обстоятельства:

1. Belka and Strelka spent a day in space aboard Sputnik 5 on August 19, 1960 before safely returning to Earth. 2. The system is used for determining and adjusting the path of the spacecraft to meet mission requirements. 3. Conventional chip-making tools shape the workpiece by cutting away the unwanted portion in the form of chips. 4. Presses shape workpieces without cutting away material, that is, without making chips. 5. The process begins either by fixing the workpiece into the workholder of the machine or by placing it on a spherical table which is able to rotate. 6. Horizontal boring mills are equipped with a special attachment to perform very long boring operations without losing accuracy as the bore increases in depth. 7. Centerless grinding is when the workpiece is supported by a blade instead of being supported by centers.

· именной части сказуемого:

1. Similar abrasive cutting process is sanding with sandpaper. 2. High velocity material removal is milling and turning. 3. Their main task was using scientific principles and methods. 4. One of the metal element joining methods is welding.

XI. Прочитайте предложения. Сделайте грамматический разбор. Основываясь на грамматическом разборе, определите функцию герундия и правильно переведите предложения:

1. Grinding is machining that uses a grinding wheel as the cutting tool. 2. The robotic spacecraft missions were aimed at obtaining data about current conditions and answering questions about the Mars. 3. The ISS provides experience in maintaining and replacing systems on-orbit, which will be essential in operating spacecraft far from Earth. 4. Observing and collecting measurements, as well as hypothesizing, often require extensive use of mathematics. 5. The scientific approach is essential in the formation of hypotheses, theories, and laws in discovering and describing the nature's laws. 6. A wide variety of operations can be performed by ECM; these operations include marking, hole making, and milling. 7. Forging is the process of shaping iron and other malleable metals by hammering or pressing them after making them plastic by application of heat. 8. Today's electronics engineers have the ability of designing circuits with use of building blocks such as power supplies, semiconductors (e.g. transistors), and integrated circuits.