NOMINALISM
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 373.
UNIT 11
When he to whom one speaks does not understand, and he who speaks himself does not understand, that is metaphysics.
~ Voltaire, (Philosophical Dictionary)
Ex. 1 Read and translate the quotation. How do you understand this statement? Give your reasons. What is your opinion about metaphysics? What is Nominalism in metaphysics?
Ex. 2 Get acquainted with new words and phrases. Put them down into your vocabulary and memorize.
have in common ["kQm@n] – ìàòè ùîñü ñï³ëüíå;
particular [p@"tIkjUl@] –ïîäðîáèöÿ, äåòàëü; îñîáèñò³ñòü; ïðåäìåò;
subsequent to ["sVbsIkw@nt] – íàñòóïíèé, ï³ñëÿ (÷îãîñü);
arise (arose, arisen) [@"rAIz] – âèíèêàòè, ç'ÿâëÿòèñÿ;
in particular – çîêðåìà;
merely ["mI@lI] – ò³ëüêè, ëèøå;
exemplify [Ig"zEmplI™fAI] – áóòè ïðèêëàäîì;
instantiate [In"st{nSI™eIt] – ñëóæèòè ïðèêëàäîì;
realm [relm] – ãàëóçü, ñôåðà;
unlikely [Vn"lAIklI] – íåïðàâäîïîä³áíî, ìàëîéìîâ³ðíî;
multiple ["mVltIpl] – ÷èñëåííèé;
simultaneously [™sIm@l"teIni@slI] – îäíî÷àñíî;
bridge the gap ["brIdZ D@ "g{p] – ïîäîëàòè ðîçðèâ;
manifest ["m{nI™fEst] – î÷åâèäíèé, ÿâíèé;
take a line – ïðèòðèìóâàòèñÿ íàïðÿìó;
predicate ["prEdI™keIt] – òâåðäæåííÿ;
apply [@"plAI] – ñòîñóâàòèñÿ; (÷îãîñü, êîãîñü - to) ; íàëåæàòè;
beg the question – ï³äí³ìàòè ïèòàííÿ;
resemble [rI"zEmb(@)l] – ñêèäàòèñÿ, áóòè ñõîæèì;
resemblance [rI"zEmbl@ns] – ñõîæ³ñòü.
Ex. 3 Match the words to form phrases, translate them and make up your own sentences.
| multiple | the gap |
| have | the question |
| bridge | of the occult |
| take | image |
| beg | places |
| the realm | to intellectual endeavours |
| applied | in the textbooks |
| manifest | in common |
| exemplified | resemblance |
| striking | a line |
Ex. 4 Insert the phrases from Ex. 3 into the gaps. Translate the sentences.
1. The fundamental objects of the ________ ________ are persons and things.
2. Universals are what multiple things can “ ________ ________.”
3. The Fathers of the early church sought to explain the ________ ________ between the doctrines of Plato and those of Christianity.
4. The philosophical theory spread quickly to ________ ________ all over the world.
5. A similar attempt to ________ ________ between Realism and Nominalism is known as Conceptualism.
6. Alan Baker's example of a genuine mathematical explanation of a physical phenomenon ________ ________ against the mathematical Nominalism.
7. He lived in the mysterious and shadowy ________ ________.
8. The approach to Nominalism is mostly ________ ________ in philosophy.
9. He ________ a soft ________ arguing the philosophical doctrine.
10. Originally the term "philosophy" was ________ to all ________ ________.
Ex. 5 Rearrange words and phrases to make up sentences. Translate them into Ukrainian.
ü between / The controversy / Nominalists and realists / from a passage / in Boethius' / arose.
ü in the universals / Particular / just instantiate / physical objects / or "participate".
ü a universal / Boethius / defines / identical across / is totally and simultaneously / different realities / as something that.
ü or in name only / In particular, maintained / Abelard / “nominally,” / universals / existed / that.
ü the view / Resemblance / exist / nominalism / that / concrete / only / particulars / is.
ü Only / can be said / and universals / actual physical particulars / to be real, /exist only post res, / subsequent to particular things / that is.
ü with our own eyes / Plato /that there is / apart from / abstract forms or universals / the natural world of / a realm of / we see / particulars / held.
ü called Wisdom-Religion / In fact / an old philosophy / to bridge this gap / that claims just / there is.
ü begs / This regress / against / the question / Nominalism / Resemblance.
Ex. 6 Put four types of questions (general, alternative, disjunctive and special) to each sentence of Ex. 5.
Ex. 7 Read and translate the text.
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