V. Make a short report on the applications of industrial robots in manufacturing.

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 403.

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MEASURING ROBOTS IN MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS

The increasing presence of electronics in the unit controls has made it possible to achieve an important union between high-level automation and flexibility. More and more frequently, the entire production system is integrated at different levels by a network of computers which have the task of handling, often quite independently, the entire manufacturing process.

This means that process control is required which cannot be achieved with conventional measuring machines, but which calls for more suitable means: specially-designed measuring robots. A measuring robot is fast and designed to operate in the most difficult workshop conditions alongside the manufacturing machines, ensuring both high precision and high reliability.

When referring to “systems”, the application can range from a measuring robot loaded by a simple handling unit to an automatic measuring cell integrated in a transfer line, or measuring cells integrated into various flexible manufacturing systems (FMS).

Obviously, as an FMS is composed of a series of machining centres, the type of the pallet must be immediately identified and universal. In fact, the handling of the pallets (transfer systems, load/unload systems) is fundamental right from the start of the project. For this reason the measuring robot must be extremely flexible, i.e., easy to interface mechanically with the load/unload systems already defined, and able to receive the pallets from the FMS without any compatibility problems.

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Industrial ROBOTS' functions

The word "robot" was first used by Czech playwright Karel Ĉapek, who in 1920 wrote a drama about machines that could move like human beings and do their work. Today this idea has become a reality. Industrial robots now being manufactured perform certain tasks even better than a human being. We are thus at the threshold of the era of robots what might be called a "robolution".

An industrial robot is a unit which has movement functions with a high degree of freedom similar to human arms and hands and is able to move autonomously on the basis of sense and perceptions.

There are six categories of robots: (1) the manual manipulator, remotely controlled by a person, which carries out hand-and-arm functions to hold and move objects; (2) the fixed-sequence robot, which performs a series of operations in a preset order, always in the same series of locations in space; (3) the variable-sequence robot, which operates in the same manner as the fixed-sequence robot but can easily be reprogrammed for a different sequence of operations; (4) the playback¹ robot, which repeats a sequence of movements and operations that are first "taught" by manual movements of a manipulator and stored in the robot's memory unit; (5) the numerically-controlled robot, which moves from one position to another according to numerical instructions in such forms as punched paper tapes or cards; and (6) the intelligent robot, an advanced type that can decide its course of action on the basis of its sensing devices and analytical capability.

Today, robots play a major role in welding, press-forming², coating and other operations, particularly in the automotive industry.

Notes:

¹playback – воспроизведение; считывание

²forming – формование; штамповка