UNIT 14
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 434.
1.1
1. can
2. can
3. must
4. may
5. may
6. an
7. may
8. can
9. can
10. may
11. can
12. can
13. may
14. can
1.2
1. She will be able to walk in 5 months
2.People will be able to travel t the stars freely soon
3. Computers will be able to think better than we soon
4. I will be able to call them up in 45minutes.
5. You will be able to meet them at the station soon
6. She will be able to cook meals in 4 days
7. They will be able to discuss it in Russian in a year
8. I will be able to understand it in a month
9. He will be able to write us letters soon
10. She will be able to answer the door in some time
11. I will be able to explain it to them in 10 minues
12. He will be able to do these exercises in a lesson
13. They will be able to visit this country in a year
14. We will be able to read this article in a few lessons
15. Unfortunately this is only a short business trip. You will be able to see much of the city next time
1.3
1. Running the business at Lewis & Son we have a lot of personal and professional contracts with many people in different countries.
2. Living in different countries people place different degrees of emphasis on the importance of relationship building.
3. Concentrating on information-gathering questions you avoid controversial topics at an early stage of the negotiation.
4. Visiting some East-European countries we were in Moscow.
5. Dealing with industrial valves and their accessories “Parma Controls” concentrates on systems providing valve control and produces related diagnostic tools.
6. Providing industries with total package of services “Parma Controls” ensures the best performance of the valves and extends their lifetime.
7. Booking two economy seats on a plane departing to St.Peterburg she doesn't forget about two open-dated return tickets.
8. Doing all the necessary formalities required to get the passports with the visas for Russia she goes to the Russian consulate in London and gets all the application forms to be filled in.
9. Walking over to the airport's international departures they enter through doors that open automatically and look at the big clock.
10. Carring only their cabin bags and briefcases they walk through an entrance signed “Passengers Only”.
11. Visiting the duty-free shop in the departure lounge they buy their duty-free Scotch and cigarettes.
1.4
1. Harry Lewis and Join Crow will visit St.Peterburg to have a meeting with the representatives of “Parma Controls Services”.
2. The purpose of the visit will be to hold negotiations about the possible purchase of the control system for valves.
3. The first contract between two sides will take place at a hotel in St.Peterburg.
4. They try to make a good atmosphere just before the actual negotiation starts.
5. North-Americans, Sweden, Spanish and, of course, Russians generally move to the first names an early stage in a business relationship.
6. On the other hand, Germans and Japanese rarely use first names outside circles of family and close friends.
7. This also will show great variety within cultures depending on the gender of the participants.
8. We certainly will try to show you something of the city.
9. There will be an excellent opportunity for us to find out how business relationship is normally built up in Russia.
10. Mrs Lewis picks up her husband's cabin bag while Mr Lewis carries his suitcase.
11. The flight won't leave until 9.30.
12. After you jog another month or two, you will be ready for the marathon.
13. When you stop exercising suddenly, something you will get muscle cramps.
14. You won't feel the benefit right away.
15. After you jog regularly for a period of time, your puls will rate and blood pressure go down.
1.5
1. Look! The man is trying to open the door of your car.
2. Can you hear those people? What are they talking about?
3. I must go now. It s getting late.
4. I usually go to work by car.
5. “Please, answer the door” – “OK, I'm coming”.
6. I hear you've got a new job. How are you getting on?
7. Let's go out. It isn't raining now.
8. Julia is very good at English. She speaks it very well.
9. Can we stop walking soon? I start to feel tired.
10. “Can you drive?” – “I'm learnig”.
11. Usually I enjoy parties but I'm not enjoying this one very much.
12. I'm goig to bed now.
13. Maria is being in Britain at the moment. She's learning English.
13. “The car has broken down again”. – “That car is awful! It's always breaking down”.
14. I see what you try to say.
15. I'm seeing the manager this afternoon.
1.6
1. What will they be wearing? They ‘ll be wearing tuxedoes
2. How soon will you be leaving? I'll be leaving in a hour
3. Will you be taking the car? No, I won't be taking the car
4. What time will you be having lunch? I'll be having lunch at 11
5. What time will they be coming back? They'll be coming back in a week
6. Where will you be sleeping? I'll be sleeping in the guestroom
7. How will he be paying? I guess, he'll be paying cash
8. What will you be doing between 7 and 8?I will be coming back home
9. When will she be playing tennis? She'll be playing tennis soon
10.Will you be thinking to do the same job in ten years time? No, I will be doing something else
11. Will she be staying at this hotel until Friday? She will be staying at this hotel 3 more days
12. Will you be seeing Ann tomorrow? I will be seeing Ann in a day
13. When will your Head of Overseas Sales Division be joining us? Head of Overseas Division will be joining us in week
14. Will anybody be waiting for us at the entrance of the hotel? Our guide will be waiting for us
1.7
1. Have you had most of the day to relax?
2. Have they already tired this cocktail?
3. Have you ever been to Russia?
4. Have Mr Lewis decided to check in at the airport and not at the airline's town terminal?
5. Have they booked for flight XA101?
6. Has everything gone very well?
7. Has Mr Lewis done a lot to stimulate demand for his company's product?
8. Have the scientists proved that one millionth part of a milligram of dioxin found as an airborne contaminant is capable of causing cancer?
9. Have you passed the test?
10. Haven't you open the letter yet?
11. Have they sent us a pamphlet?
12. Have you found a lovely dress?
13. ave you just bought shoes for Michael?
14. Has she tried on the dress?
15. Have you lready chosen something?
1.8
1. According to my duties in the company, I have been traveling too much.
2. We have been producing Russian beers since 1912.
3. They have been importing Spanish wines since 1989.
4. We have been running business at Lewis & Son and this requires a lot of personal and professional contracts.
5. For many years my wife and I have been visiting some East-European countries.
6. Since I live in Russia I have been cooking Russian meals myself.
7. For two days they have been showing us something of the city.
8. I have been waiting for you for some minutes.
9. Since I've got a car I have been driving with great pleasure.
10. Since Saturday the sun has been shining and it is warm.
11. For three days she has been learning a waltz by Chopen.
12. He has been making a starling-box since Friday.
13. My uncle has been hunting or a month or so.
14. We have been buying food at this new supermarket for two weeks.
1.9
1. It's too cold
2. It's a long way from here to the aiport
3. How far is it to your home?
4. It's late. It's time to go
5. It's a pleasure to talk to you
6. It's important to book tickets
7. It's nothing to do but to agree with you
8. It willtake some time
9. It's a pity if we are late
10. It's excited me that he wears long hair
11.It was strange that he didn't remember my name
12. It's necessary to remember so-called cultural differences
13.However, it's widesread in some countries like Germany to exchange visit cards in the end of meting
14. It seems that I can also say something about so-called cross-cultural differences
15.Is it common for Russian men to cook meals?
1.10
1.John will you get some apples, won't you? Yes, I will get you some
2. Helen, do you know Ann's adress, don't you? No, I don't know it
3. Emily, has you seen my belt, hasn't you? No, I hasn't seen it
4. Dad, it seems it's a nice day, isn't it? Yes, the weather is good today
5. Ann, the prices are very expensive here, aren't they? Yes, they really are
6. Ann, you didn't enjoy the concert,did you? No, I enjoyed it
7. Ann, her voice is lovely, isn't it? Yes, it is lovely
8. Ann, it doesn't look right, does it? No, it looks awful
9. Ann, have you had your hair cut, haven't you? Yes, I have my hair cut
10. Ann, you don't afraid to walk tihs bridge, do you?Yes, I don't afraid at all
11Ann,you will take your camera with you, won't you? Yes, I'll take it
12.Ann, you didn't gett the job,did you? No, I didn't get it
13Ann, we didn't meet her before, did we? Yes, we didn't meet her.
14.Ann you don't like playing the piano, did you? Yes, I don't lik it.
15. Ann, you think there is a lot of traffic there, don't you? Yes, I think there is
1.11
1. You go to a swimming pool to swim
2. You go to a driving school to learn drivng
3. You go to a station to travel
4. You go to a aiport to travel by plane
5. You go to a post offfice to sent letter
6. You go to a restaurant to eat
7. You go to a supermarket to buy something
8. You go to a garage to park a car
9. You go to a bathroom to wash something
10. You go to a bedroom to sleep
11. You go to a beach to swim abnd tan
12. You go to a concert to listen to the music
13. You go to a court to have legal proceedings
14. You go to a college to study
15. You go to a consulate to get visa
16. You go to a department stre to buy something
17. You go to a disc to dance
18 You go to a hotel to stay during travelling
19 You go to a kitchen to cook food
1. 12
1. The main aim of his visit is to improve our business
2.Everything he wats is to install a reliable quality control system
3. He has been working much to ensure the best performance of valves and to extend their lifetime
4. He came to hold negotiations about the possible purchase of dolls
5.She called him for ne thing, that is to arrange furniture in their house
6. The best way to find out the truth is to send a detailed letter to Uncle Tom
7. What you should do is to take the children to school
8. Everything she wans is to come and see us
9. If you want to e healthy there is the one way for your is to drop smoking
10.Everyhing he dreams about is to walk much and to go to the seaside
11. Children go to the music school is to become a musician
1.13
1. to go
2. to give
3.to drve
4. to be
5. to have
6. to write
7. to get
8.to buy
9.to use
10. to say
11.to find
12.to answer
14. to come
15.to remind
Óïðàæíåíèå 14.
1. Let's go to the Anglo-Saxon exibition. Good idea!
2.Do you want to go to the Arab countries this year? Good idea!
3.Can I offer you a beer? Good idea!
4.Let's go to the city this weekend! Good idea!
5. How do you like watching horror film? Good idea!
6. Let's cook something! Good idea!
7. What about moving to the Finland tomorrow? Good idea!
Óïðàæíåíèå 15.
1. Yes,I will. No,he won't. Yes, he will
2. Yes, I have. Yes, I have to.Yes, they will
3. Yes, that will. No, it isn't. Yes, it does. Yes, I will
Óïðàæíåíèå 16.
1. awfully, attractively, availably, badly, carefully, certainly, clearly, closely, comfortably, commercially, completely, conventionally, differently, directly, easyly, equally, extremely.
Óïðàæíåíèå 16
1.When consulting a doctor she mentioned about her headache
2. When recovering he walked a lot in the garden
3. When taking pills she heard the door bell ringing
4. When shopping she caught a cold
5. When making calculations he used information of his computer
6. When playing computer games we forgot about everything
7. When loooking for business partners he found Russian company which produced valve control system
8.When reading their CVs he understood that this company could be his business partners
9. When living in surburbs he didn't want to return to the city
10. When drinking coffe they talked about different things
11. When looking after children she couldn't clean the house
12. When smoking he thought about quitting
13. When taking part in concert Emily understood that she wanted to be a musician
14.When playing tennis he didn't look to anybody
15.When visiting his friend he saw that he was becoming ill
Óïðàæíåíèå 17
1. Do you think those people are Russians? Yes, I think they are
2. Did you hear anything about this cocktail? No, I didn't hear anything
3. Don't you know if she will be here tomorrow? Yes, I think she will
4. Is it going to rain? Yes, I think it is
5. Are children at home now? Yes, I think they are
6. Has she caught cold? No, she hasn't
7. Will they play tennis with me next Saturday? Yes, they will
8. Do you think you will visit him?Yes, I will. Do you think he will have an operation? No, he won't.Do you think he will get well soon? Yes, he will
9. Do you think it's serious?No, it isn't. Does she have a high temperature? No, she doesn't. Will she have to stay in bed for a long time; No, she won't. Will her friends visit her?Yes, they will.
10. Will that be a good cooperation? Yes, that will. Isn't that a crazy idea? No, it isn't. Does it appear capable to service the needs of the business? Yes,it does. Will we get in contact of your business? Yes, we will. Will we get in contact with this company soon? Yes, we will
Óïðàæíåíèå 18.
1. So do we
2.So am I
3.Neither do I
4. Neither is our house
5. So am I
6. Neither did I
7. So did I
8. Neither are we
9. So was I
10. Neither were mine
11. So can I
12. Neither were mine
13. So was I
14. So am I
15. So do I
16.So will I
17 So must I
18. Neither should I
19.So would I
20. So do you
Óïðàæíåíèå 19.
1. We are colleagues
2.I must avoid unfamiliar setting
3. I have to refer to cross-cultural differences
4. She will find out Midle East patterns
5. He said we would impress everyone
Óïðàæíåíèå 20.
1. It would be nice to have house in Lonon suburbs
2.Might we ask you to it?
3.You, might see how it is seful for you
4. Could you help me?
5.Could you give me your adress?
6. She could call us
7. He might be here sfew minutes ago
8.It would be nice
9.Setting relationship could make atmosphere for all negotiations
10. Discussing conditions of possible acquisition of valve control system could be the aim of the visit
11.Both sides might understand the possibility of these negotiations
Exercise 1
1. Harry Lewis and John Crow are visiting St.-Petersburg to à meet with representatives of "Parma Control Services".
2.The purpose of the visit is to hold negotiations about the possible purchase of the control system for valves from "Parma Controls Services".
3.The first contact between two sides takes place at a hotel in St.-Petersburg.
4.Both sides (British and Russian) are well aware of importance, that the first impression can get. Therefore, they are trying to make a good atmosphere just before the real talks start. This relationship building «stage can often set the climate for the whole negotiation.
| General Manager and Proprietor, Purchasing Manager, Head of Overseas Sales Division Technical Sales Manager |
5. Garry Lewis is
John Crow is
Victor Popov is
Smirnov is
6.They drink strawberry cocktail and beer
7.They talk about Russians beverages such as beer and wine
| 8. |
It is necessary to remember about so called cross-cultural differences. People in different countries behave in different ways. This is a question of individual style. However, we often make assumption based on the way things are done in our country. Sometimes these may be rather different from the other sides' assumption.Cross-cultural peculiarities are sometimes quite conspicuous. People living in
different countries place different degrees of emphasis on the importance of relationship
building. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries no business can be done until a relationship of mutual confidence has been built up between two sides. By contrast, in Finland, small talk before a negotiation is generally kept to a minimum, and most of the relationship building will take place afterwards, in a restaurant or sauna.In many countries people find it easier to build a relationship with a potential business partner in a social setting. This is particularly true of many European countries, such as Spain, France and the UK.Yes, that's the situation. Another interesting detail most common among the Japanese is the practice of immediate handing over a business card. It helps you to remember unfamiliar names and to understand better the role and status of the members of the other negotiating team. However, in some countries, Germany, for example, it's more common to exchange business cards at the end of a meeting. North-Americans, Swedes, Spanish and, of course,Russian. will generally move to the first names at an early stage in a business relationship. On the other hand, Germans and Japanese will rarely use first names outside circles of family and close friends. Touching which is acceptable in different countries or more precisely in different cultures. This also shows great variaty and, of course, varies depends on the gender of the participants. In general, Latin American cultures permit more physical contact between men than, for example, Anglo-Saxon cultures. The distance at which two people stand from each other also differs. In Latin American and Arab countries, people generally stand closer together when talking than Europeans or Americans do.
And it goes without saying that whatever the country, one has to avoid controversial topics at an. early stage of the negotiation. However, the conventional 'taboo' topics of politics and religion may be acceptable if you concentrate on information-gathering type questions rather than questions which require comment or criticism. For example, "How is your president elected?" rather than "Why does your President have such a long term of office?"
9. No, it is thier first visit. They were in Moscow some years ago. He was impressed by Russian cooking. Unfortunately that will be only a short business trip, so they won't be able to see very much.
10. Popovsuggests they start our talking tomorrow in the office at 10 a.m.
11. Andrey will be waiting for you at the entrance of the hotel to drive you to our office.
Exercise 2.
People from different countries always have stereotypes about each other. It is absolutely natural as each culture always contains secrets. It is often covered with mystery, unreal stories and subjective attitudes. But some of existing stereotypes are correct and others are wrong. Stereotypes can prevent us from learning some aspects about the country and understanding a different culture in a more appropriate way.
Although sometimes stereotypes can reveal certain tendencies or attitudes, existing in the culture. Therefore we have chosen this topic as our research and we hope to clarify some points and to contribute to breaking certain stereotypes about Russia
I consider that understanding social relationships in a country is very critical to establish good connections with people. If people know more about peculiar attitudes and behaviors of each other, this will serve well for collaboration and friendly relationships among the nations on the planet. On the contrary, misunderstanding in different spheres of life is often caused by tense relationships and inability to be tolerant to the cultural diversity, represented by different social attitudes. My essay is aimed at shedding more light on how relationships in Russia are culturally loaded:
- Relationships between people and the government:
People here in Russia don't trust their government very much; they don't rely on it either. What is new, though, that people can voice their dissatisfaction with the policy or some undertaken measures in hope they are heard, and some measures to improve the situation are taken. People in Russia used to be more passive and apathetic, now they are getting more and more initiative and courage to voice their criticism and willingness to improve things.
- Relationships between people of different ages:
Russia is a relationship oriented country. Children are taught from the very childhood that they must help the elderly. For example if an elderly gets on the bus and all the sit are occupied, it's common to concede her/him a sitting place. What is more, it's rather common to help a senior citizen (even if you don't know him/her) to cross the road or to carry a bag
- Relationships between family members:
Russians usually start family at 22-25 years. Men sometimes get married a little later. Many couples start a family later. Father is considered to be the head of the family, however many women have actually more power than men in families nowadays. Women work as much as men do, but they also manage to raise children, to maintain cleanliness and coziness in the house, and take care of their husbands. Grandmothers often help to raise the children. There is also a joke in Russia, that a man dislikes his mother-in-law. Actually, it is a kind of a stereotype; however, such situation does occur in a number of families.
- Relationships between the people, who are dating:
Usually it is the boy who initiates the relationships. He may invite a girl to the movies or to the café. As a rule, he pays for a girl; however it is getting pretty common to go Dutch. Also, it is considered to be very polite to open the door in front of the girl and let her enter the first. After the date he should walk her home or give her a ride.
- Relationships between the colleagues:
Russian people are collectivistic more than individualistic, so they tend to solve their problems as a group, however since the beginning of a new century there is a trend among the younger generation to becoming more independent, thus individual. Typically, people are loyal to the institution they work for and have very warm relationships; they spend much time together after job, celebrate different holydays, and help each other
- Relationships between people, who don't know each other:
Russian people often treat associates with some sort of caution. They aren't used to trusting strangers. They may help you to find your way or to show the bus stop, however don't be surprised if a Russian doesn't smile at you very often. Russians don't smile to strangers very much. That absolutely doesn't mean that they treat you badly. The function of a smile here is not being polite but recognizing someone one knows and likes to see. Sometimes a smile may mean the sign of flirt.
- Relationships between friends:
Russians value friendship very much. There is a proverb: “It's better to have one friend for a long time, than two new ones”. So, usually friends from high school or university become friends for the whole lifetime. Russians are always ready to help their close friends. They are interdependent and often ready to sacrifice their own interests in favor of their friends. In addition, they don't require any gratitude in exchange. A good friend is considered the one who will not only help in a difficult situation, but also will sincerely share his/her friend's happiness. Friends can come without any invitation; they are welcome any time.
To summarize, Russian culture is very collectivistic and relationship oriented, so this determines human attitudes and behaviors to a large extent. Although, culture is dynamic and changing. Also, some sort of generalization is unavoidable, when we try to characterize national cultural behavior; still I consider this kind of research on people relationships very critical to raise cultural awareness about each other.
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