The Article (a/an; the)
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 419.
Language work
Other Information about the Same
Unit 16
| A/an | The | No article |
| 1. singular countable nouns: · a student | 1. when it is clear in the situation which thing or person we mean: Ø Turn off the light, please. (= the light in this room) | 1. plural countable nouns: · students |
| 2. uncountable nouns, used in the meaning of countable nouns: Ø I bought a paper to read. (= a newspaper) but Ø I need paper to write on. (= material for writing on) | 2. when we are thinking of a specific thing: Ø I mended the computer yesterday (= my computer) | 2. uncountable nouns: · water, ore |
| 3. when we mention thing or person for the first time: Ø A man was sitting opposite me. | 3. only one of something: Ø The captain is on deck. (there is only one captain on a ship) | 3. in the word television but The television = the television set |
| 4. singular: · nationality can be singular a Japanese, a Sudanese, a Swiss | 4. we say: the sky, the sea, the ground, the country, the environment | 4. noun + article: room 127 (in a hotel) question 3 (in an exam) |
| 5. if the plural noun of a nationality ends in –s: · an Italian -> Italians; · a Turk -> Turks; | 5. before same: · the same | 5. prison, hospital, university, college and church (as a general idea of these places) |
| 6. usually the radio | 6. bed; work; home | |
| 7. with most places: the cinema, the bank, the theatre, the post office | 7. go to sea; be at sea; go/be on voyage | |
| 8. when we mean a type of something: Ø The computer is my favourite device. | 8. about things or people in general: Ø My favourite subject is physics. | |
| 9. the + adjective (without a noun) to talk about groups of people: · the young · the unemployed | 9. man (= human beings in general/ the human race) | |
| 10. the + nationality adjectives ending in –ch or –sh: · the English · the Spanish ending in –ese: · the Chinese · the Japanese · the Sudanese | 10. before names of people, continents, countries, states, islands, cities, towns, mountains etc.: · Jack · Europe · Bermuda · Cairo · Everest | |
| 11. in names with Republic, Kingdom, States: · the United Kingdom · the Republic of Belarus | 11. Mr./Mrs./Captain/Doctor etc. + a name: · President Johnson · Doctor Johnson mount (= mountain) and lake in the same way · Mount Etna | |
| 12. with plural names of people and places: · the Taylors · the Rocky Mountains | 12. names of companies, airlines etc.: · Sony · Apple · IBM | |
| 13. before adjectives and adverbs in a comparative degree: Ø The sooner you come back the better. | 13. with prepositions from, to: · from side to side · from day to day | |
| 14. if a noun is an object to a verb: · to lose sight · to take part |
Remember!
| A/an | |
| a lot of, a great deal of, a good deal of, a great number of, a good many, a great manyмного a fewнесколько a littleнемного all of a suddenвнезапно as a result ofв результате чего-либо as a matter of factфактически, на самом деле at a timeодновременно, за один раз at a speed ofсо скоростью в for a short (long) timeв течение короткого (долгого) времени, на короткий (долгий) срок at a time whenв то время когда | in a loud (low) voiceгромким (тихим) голосом on a large (small) scaleв большом (малом) масштабе it is a pityжаль to be in a hurryспешить to be in a positionбыть в состоянии to be at a lossбыть в затруднении to have a good timeхорошо провести время to have a mindнамереваться to have a headacheиспытывать головную боль to have a coldбыть простуженным to go for a walkпойти гулять to take a seatсесть |
| The | |
| in the morningутром in the eveningвечером in the afternoonднем, после полудня in the nightночью in the countryза городом, в деревне on the right (left)справа (слева) on the one (other) handс одной (другой) стороны on the wholeв целом, в общем the day before yesterdayпозавчера the day after tomorrowпослезавтра | the other dayна днях What is the time?Который час? to tell the timeговорить который час to go to the theatre (the cinema, the pictures)ходить в театр (кино) to play the piano (the violin)играть на пианино (на скрипке) to tell the truthговорить правду to pass the timeпроводить время to run the riskподвергаться риску |
| No article | |
| at nightночью at dinner (breakfast, supper)за обедом (завтраком, ужином) at homeдома at schoolв школе (на занятиях) at workза работой at sunsetпри заходе солнца at first sightс первого взгляда at peace в мире at table за столом (т. е. за обедом, завтраком, ужином) at warв состоянии войны by mistakeпо ошибке by nameпо имени in timeвовремя in debtв долгу in demandв спросе in sightв поле зрения in factв действительности in conclusionв заключение on board a shipна борту судна on deckна палубе on demandпо требованию on creditв кредит on saleв продаже | by tram (train, boat, bus, etc.) трамваем (поездом, пароходом, автобусом и т. д.) by airвоздушным путем by waterводным путем by seaморем by landсухопутным путем by dayднем by post (air mail)по почте (воздушной почтой) by heartнаизусть by chanceслучайно day after dayдень за днем day and nightднем и ночью side by sideбок о бок to be in townбыть в городе (в значении: не в отъезде, не за городом) to be in bedлежать в постели to go to bedложиться спать to go to schoolходить в школу (учиться) to go to townпоехать в город (в значении: поехать в город из его окрестностей) |
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| III. Translate the sentences. | | | Word-substitutes |