Vocabulary

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 368.

BONDS

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Asking Favours

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Extract 1

I've got to go to the Post Office to pick something up and it's raining. Could you lend me your umbrella?

Of course. As long as you don't lose it.

Extract 2

The thing is that I need somewhere quiet where we won't be interrupted. Could I use your office?

All right, as long as it's free by four.

We use Could I ...? to ask people to allow us to do something. We use Could you ...? when we are asking them to do something.

a He asks him to lend him his car.

b He refuses quite aggressively.

1 d 2 h 3 b 4 k 5 c 6 i 7 g 8 n 9 f 10 m 11 a 12 l 13 e 14 j

a We need someone to ... Could you do it?

b Can't we just put the answerphone on for a couple of hours?

c If you do it, I'll see it as a personal favour.

d Your contract is up for renewal next month. Enough said?

a Probably not

b Yes, he is.

c Yes, he does.

d I was wondering if there's any chance …; I quite understand, but I'd really appreciate it if you could ...; I'm sorry to put you to any trouble; thank you ever so much

b No c No

Pay-off –the act or time of paying wages, debts, money won at cards etc

Maturity date – the date on which a bond is to be repaid or an investment agreement ends and a payment is made

Return on bonds –the amount of profit made from an investment

Buy-and-hold investor –an investor that keeps shares or bondsover a long period of time

Principal – the original amount of a loan, not including any of the interest that is paid

Accrue –if an amount of money accrues, or is accrued, it gradually increases over a period of time

Capital gains – profit that is made when an asset is sold for more than it costs

Debt financing -borrowing by companies or government in the form of loans on which interest is paid, for example bonds

Equity financing –when a company obtains money for investment by making shares available, rather than by using bonds or bank loans

Cash flow –the amounts of money coming into and going out of a company, and the timing of these

Blue Chip Company –a well-known, successful company whose shares are a very safe investment

Bearer certificate –the document relating to a bond, share etc where the owner's name is not officially recorded, but the owner is considered to be the person who has it in his possession

Fluctuate – if prices, income, rates etc fluctuate, they change, increasing or falling often or regularly

Par –the par value of a bond, share etc is its stated value when it is issued. This is not necessarily the actual price paid for it. Bonds e.g. may be sold slightly above or below this value. The par value of bonds is used to calculate yield (= their profitability to the investor).

Bond's yield – the interest paid on a bond

Coupon – a small piece of paper attached to certain types of bond, that you tear off and hand in so as to receive interest

Tax-deductible– tax-deductible costs can be taken off your total income before tax is calculated on it

Debt-equity ratio – the amount of a company's debt in relation to the amount of share capital it has

Income tax –in Britain a tax on money people earn, paid to the national government. In the US, a tax on the money people earn or on the profits companies make, paid to the national, state, or local government.

VAT = Value Added Tax –a tax on some goods and services. Businesses pay value-added tax on most goods and services they buy and if they are VAT registered, charge value-added tax on goods and services they sell. At regular periods of time, the total amount of tax paid is taken away from the total amount charged to arrive at an amount that is owed to or by the business. Final customers pay VAT on these goods in shops and on services. VAT is a way of charging tax on the increase in value of goods and services at each stage as they are produced, rather than just on their final selling price to customers.