Consolidation

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 470.

Task 9

Refer to the diagram to complete the following text about the erosion of the land caused by rivers and glaciers. You can make changes in the grammar of the text to express cause effect as you wish, but the facts must be correct.

When rain falls on mountains, it collects in depressions in the rock. The extreme cold ………………….. the ice to freeze and glaciers to form. The ice melts and freezes again ……………… changes in temperature. Erosion of the rock of the mountain depression occurs ……………… the continual melting and refreezing, and is ……………….. the action of wind moving the water. Eventually, the water wears away the rock enough ……………. a small stream which carries deposits of soil and rock which …………………….. further erosion, gradually enlarging the stream bed. The weather, too, acts on rocks and soil, to split, break and wear away. The stream grows larger until eventually it reaches the old age stage. The silt from the river is deposited into the sea, ……………… sandbars, spits and promontories.

depression

stream reaches sea

A Choose a scientific or sociological concept which involves at least one cause effect relationship, and investigate it to be sure you understand it clearly. Then write a text in which you describe this concept and make the causal relationship(s) clear. Write for an intelligent adult who is not familiar with this concept. Be sure to follow the honesty principle as well as the clarity reality and relevance principles. Although your text is intended to be tactual and informative, you should try to make it interesting too. Remember particularly to use a variety of sentence types; to provide clear topic sentences and to support any generalizations you make.

B Does viewing violence on television lead to a more violent society?

1 Discuss this question with one or two other students, taking into account the views which follow.

2 Use the discussion to help you plan and write an answer to the question, focusing in particular on possible causes and effects. Be careful to observe the honesty principle, since you will have to take into account more/than one point of view about this question.

Watching violence on television is beneficial and helps decrease violent behaviour because viewers get rid of some of their own aggressive impulses through viewing and thereby reduce the likelihood that they will perform aggressive acts.

Violence on television is different from real violence in that it is heavily ritualised. We know, as we approve of the death of the villain under a hail of police bullets, that we would not approve in the same way if a real-life villain were shot in front of us in real life.

A number of cases have been reported of young children or teenagers duplicating a violent act previously seen on television. In fact, in one instance, the parents of a victim took legal action against a TV network, claiming that a programme shown during the hours when chil­dren were watching was responsible for a brutal attack on their 9 year old daughter. The three youngsters responsible admitted that they had copied the method of assault shown on the programme.

I have read about studies which indicate that exposure to violence in the context of a TV drama decreases emotional responsiveness to real-life aggression in news films in both children and adults.