Reflexive Pronouns

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 592.

By (the year) 2100 / By tomorrow morning / by next October / by next Monday / by tomorrow evening / by next year / By this time next week / by 6 o'clock tomorrow / by next Christmas

Future Perfect Passive

Future Simple Passive

Will + inf. ------------------ will be + PP.

¨ راجع استخدامات المستقبل في الوحدة الأولي

·In the future, we will produce more of our energy from wind power.

= In the future , more of our energy will be produced from wind power.

· Today, they will announce plans to build a new road round the city center.

= Today, plans to build a new road round the city center will be announced.

¨يتكون المستقبل التام من will have / shall have + PP.ويدل علي أن شيء سيكون قد تم قبل وقت معين في الماضي:

¨ ويستخدم هذا الزمن عادة مع الكلمات الدالة علي المستقبل مسبوقة بكلمة by

¨ في المبني للمجهول يتكون هذا الزمن من : will have been / shall have been + PP.

· By the year 2100, we will have saved millions of trees and hundreds of forests.

= By the year 2100, millions of trees and hundreds of forests will have been saved.

· By 2050, they will have replaced the old building by modern offices.

= By 2050, the old building will have been replaced by modern offices.

By the time + present simple Future Perfect

· By the time she comes back home. I'll have finished all the exercises.

· By the time the exam begins, I'll have forgotten everything.

Choose the correct answer:

1. By next Christmas we (will be – are being - will have been – have been) here for eight years.

2. The builders say they (finish - will have finished – might finish – are finishing) the roof by Tuesday.

3. By the time we (got – had got – get – getting) to the party. Most people will have left.

4. By the time we get to the stadium. The match (will have started - is starting – was starting – had started) .

5. In the future, every new book will probably be (publish – publishing - published – publishes) as an e-book.

6. You can be sure the price (will be reduced – to reduce – is reducing – had reduced) when more people buy them.

7. Do you think CD-ROMs will ever (be replaced – be replacing – have replaced – replace) traditional books completely?

8. I think most bestsellers (will be read – will be reading – will read – will have read) as e-books.

9. I'm sure some kinds of books (won't replace – won't be replacing - won't be replaced - can replace).

10. I predict that in the future, mobile phones (will make – will be making – will have made - will be made) smaller.

11. By this time next week, (I'll have heard – I hear – I am hearing – I heard) my test results.

12. We (will be used – are using – are used - will use) less paper if we read e-books.

13. I don't think newspapers (will ever have replaced – never replace - will ever be replaced).

14. The new underground railway line (will have been built – will be building – has built – have built) by 2012.

15. I'm sorry but your car (won't repair – can't repair – repaired - won't be repaired) this week.

16. It is hoped that the road (is reducing - will reduce – will be reduced – will have been reduced) early morning traffic.

17. The new road (won't be finished – won't have finished – won't be finishing – has finished) until the year 2015.

18. Over 500 buildings (will knock – will be knocking - will be knocked – will have knocked) down to make way for the new road.

19. It is said that the number of road accidents (cut – cuts – will cut - will be cut) by 20%.

20. It is thought that between 30 and 40 lives a year (will be saved – will be saving – will have saved – will save).

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:

1. In the future, more electricity will generate from wind power..

2. More of the music we listen to will be downloading from the internet.

3. They will be published fewer traditional newspapers.

4. The price of phone calls will be reducing by 50%.

5. I finish this job by 10 p.m. tomorrow

6. By the time the firemen arrive, the fire destroys the building.

7. More cities will build in the desert by the year 2020.

8. Inflation تضخمincreases by 1% over the next twelve months.

9. You'll be received an e-mail giving full details next Monday.

10. The building will complete by next year.

Have + something + PP

§لاحظ استخدام have في نفس زمن الجملة :

§ هذا التركيب يعني أن شخصا آخر غير الفاعل هو الذي قام بالفعل:

يمكن أن يأتي هذا التركيب في الأزمنة المختلفة: §

Verb "to have" in different tenses:

· Did you paint the house yourself? - No, I had it painted.

· Is she typing the report herself? - No, she's having it typed.

· Someone had cleaned the floor for me.

I had had the floor cleaned.

· Someone mended her bike the other day.

She had her bike mended the other day.

· Someone will fix the phone for me.

I will have the phone fixed.

·The photographer is going to develop the film for them.

They are going to have the film developed.

§ و يمكن استخدام get بنفس الطريقة التي استخدمنا بها :have

· The barber is going to cutmy hair.

I am going to get my hair cut.

· Someone is decorating her house.

She is getting her house decorated.

§ لاحظ ما يلي:

Have + someone + inf.

Get + someone + to + inf.

· I had the mechanic repair my car.

· I got the mechanic to repair my car.

§الضمائر المنعكسة هي:

Singular مفرد: myself yourself herself himself itself

Plural جمع : ourselves yourselves themselves

§ يستخدم الضمير المنعكس عندما يكون المفعول و الفاعل واحد:

§ He hurt himself. § He bought himself a mew shirt.

§ She looked at herself in the mirror.

§ Hala cut herself when she was peeling يقشر the potatoes.

§ I don't want you to pay for me. I'll pay for myself.

§ يستخدم الضمير المنعكس للتأكيد ويأتي إما بعد الفاعل أو بعد المفعول:

§ I myself did the job. / I did the job myself.

§ ‘Who mended your bike?' ‘Nobody. I repaired it myself.

§ I am not going to do your homework. You'll have to do it yourself.

§يستخدم الضمير المنعكس بعد by بمعني "بمفرده " أو "بدون مساعدة" :

by myself = on my own = alone / without any help

§ I went to the cinema on my own. = alone = by myself

§ Did you paint that picture on your own? = without any help = by yourself.

§ لا تستخدم الضمائر المنعكسة بعد حروف الجر الخاصة بالموقع أو المكان أو الاتجاه:

§ She put her bag next to her. § The car was coming fast towards him.

§ She took her dog with her.

§يمكن أن نستخدم الضمائر المنعكسة بعد حروف الجر after / for / on

§The children are old enough to look after themselves.

§Try to depend on yourself.

§يُستخدم الضمير المنعكس oneself ليشير الي الضمير one بمعني المرء أو الإنسان:

§Talking to oneself is the first sign of madness.

§ لاحظ الفرق بين : On his own Of his own &

on his own = alone / without help

§ My aunt lives on her own. § Don't help him. Let him do it on his own.

Of his own = belonging to him and to no one else تدل علي الملكية

§ I'd like to have a car of my own. § He's got no ideas of his own.

§Idioms with reflexive pronouns: تعبيرات معينة تستخدم فيها الضمائر المنعكسة

§ Enjoy yourself = have a good time

§ Help yourself = take what you want

§ Make yourself at home. = behave freely as if it were your own home

§ He made a name for himself. = He became famous أصبح مشهورا