Economy and Provinces

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 608.

The largest cities (2009)

• Toronto - г. Торонто (Toronto (4.5 million))
• Montreal г. Монреаль (провинция Квебек) (3.4 million)
• Vancouver - г. Ванкувер (2.0 million)
• Capital City: Ottawa (pop. 1 million)

The most important ports are Montreal, St. John's and Halifax on the Atlantic; Vancouver and Victoria on the Pacific; Port Arthur on Lake Superior

I. New Foundland
The provinces main industries are:
- fishing
- mining
- forestry
1). the province has rich fishing grounds on the Grand Banks. Cod is the main catch. Other important catches are flounder, redfish, shrimp and crab.
Protection of the rich fishery resources has been a growing problem in recent years. Some Atlantic fish stocks are in decline. That's why the province has to reduce the quantities of fish caught in the Atlantic.
2). the mining industry produces:
- iron ore in Labrador
- gold, asbestos, lime, stone and gypsum.
In 1994 a major discovery of nickel, copper and cobalt was made.
Recently oil and gas reserves were discovered offshore on the continental shelf.
3). Forests sector includes pulp and paper mills. NF agriculture industry is well compared to other provinces. It works mainly for consumption within the province. But some agricultural products such as blueberries and furs are sold outside the province.
II. Nova Scotia
It shares mainly problems of the neighboring Maritime Provinces. Its economy is largely dependent on low-technology industries such as: fishing and mining.
Forestry sector has a few pulp and paper mills and several hundred sawmills.
The mining sector is dominated by coal production. Oil was recently found offshore near Sable Island. In 1991 the first commercial production of oil began there.
NS has a highly specialized commercial agriculture. Dairy is the largest sector, followed by horticulture, poultry, egg, beef and cattle.
Tourism is an important sector in the province economy.
III. Prince Edward Island
Agriculture, tourism and fishing are the main industries of its economy. The province has abundant good red soil, which is ideal for growing potatoes. Today agriculture remains the principal industry. Potatoes are the most important source of income for the provinces farmers.
Tourism is a growing industry on the Island. Its beaches attract visitors who come there for relaxation and water sports.
In fishing lobster is the most important. About 30 other fish and selfish species are caught.
IV. New Brunswick (NB)
It is one of the Maritime Provinces. Most of its soil is rocky and unfit for agriculture.
NB has an abundance of natural resources. Forests occupy 85% of the landmass; consequently wood-based industries are a cornerstone of the economy.
The 6000 mile long coas encouraged shipbuilding and fisheries.
Mining, too, is important. NB mines silver, coal, copper, natural gas and oil, etc.
Fishing and agriculture are also important. More than 50 species of fish and shellfish are caught there.
High unemployment rate remains a problem in NB today.
V. Quebec
The St. Lawrence Lowlands have climate and soil well suited for general farming.
Commerce and farming are the important industries of Quebec, besides the province has never been fully developed economically.
Heavy industry and manufacturing are beginning to grow in importance. Montreal has developed competitive industries in space and aeronautic, telecommunications, energy and transportation.. Quebec exports 40% of its total production, mainly from the forest industry, mining and transportation equipment.
VI. Ontario
It is the largest province in terms of wealth and population. Its industry accounts for about 40% of the Country's GDP (Gross Domestic Product).
It is the major industrial centre of Canada, accounting for:
- 98% of motor vehicles,
- 93% of heavy electrical equipment and
- 92% of the agricultural machinery.
Ontario's advantages include:
- it's natural resources
- modern transformational system
- large, well educated labor force
- relatively inexpensive electrical power
- proximity to buy US markets.
Automobiles are Ontario's major manufacturing industry. Mining has also played an important role in Ontario's economy. It includes extraction of gold, nickel, copper, uranium and zinc.
The forest industry is also important.
Financial industries are also a source of prosperity.
Toronto is the world's 4th largest capital market.
Tourism is also important to Ontario's economy.
For all its wealth, Ontario suffers from unemployment.
VII, VIII, IX. The Midwestern Prairie Provinces (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta)
Back in the early 20th century the three provinces were predominantly agricultural, with wheat being their main crop.
Nowadays their economies are substantially diversified.
In agriculture both crops and livestock are important sectors. Though wheat remains the main crop, the production of new crops continues to expand:
- barley
- canola
- rye
- oats
- buckwheat
Flaxseeds, sunflower seeds are also produces in the provinces.
Manufacturing and transportation has become vital sectors in Manitoba. The service sector is the most important in the province. The cultural location of the province makes Manitoba an attractive base for a wide variety of services, esp. in transportation.
Mining is another major Manitoba industry with metals being its main production. The most important metals are nickel, copper and zinc.
In Saskatchewan the major industries are oil production, mining and manufacturing. The province is reach in minerals. The leading mineral resources are petroleum, potash, uranium and coal. There are 14 000 oil wells in Saskatchewan, which produce 12& of Canada's total oil output.
Alberta is also rich in oil and has been known as Canada's "energy province"
The service sector accounts for more than 60% of Alberta's GDP (Gross Domestic Product).
Forestry is also important in Northern parts of Alberta and Saskatchewan, covered by forests.

Tourism is a developed sector in Manitoba and Alberta. There is a multitude of attractions to visitors:
- national parks
- lakes and rivers
- camping grounds
- the magnificent Rocky Mountains in Alberta.
X. British Columbia (BC)
The economy is based on the province's great natural resources, primarily its vast forests, which cover more than half of its total area.
Tourism is the next important economic sector. The Rocky Mountains with their vast parkland remain the biggest attraction. Coastal BC with its beaches, wildlife reserves also attracts visitors. Besides, there are some unique species of flora in BC.
Mining is the province's third most important economic sector. The leading metals extracted are copper, gold and zinc. The most valuable resources are coal, petroleum and natural gas.
Agriculture and fishing, especially salmon fishing are two other key sectors of BC's economy/
Dairy cattle are very productive.
The interior southern valleys are famous for cultivation of tree fruits and grapes and for their wine industry.
XI. The Free territories
The economy relies heavily on resource industries. Mining is by far the largest industrial sector in the North.
The fur trade continues to be important for aboriginals.
Recently, tourism has become increasingly important since the territories have a unique 2 relatively unspoiled environment and offer a variety of landscapes of great natural beauty.

Realia!!!

1) cereals (corn, grain) — зерновые. A grain used for food, for example wheat, maize, or rye:

oat(s) — овес

rye — рожь

buckwheat — гречиха

2) horticulture — садоводство. The art or practice of garden cultivation and management.

3) forestry — лесоводство, лесное хозяйство. The science or practice of planting, managing, and caring for forests.

4)wood-based industries — лесная промышленность и деревообработка

5) wood pulp — пульпа, древесная масса. Wood fibre reduced chemically or mechanically to pulp and used in the manufacture of paper.

6) primary materials (primary goods, raw materials) — сырье, сырые материалы

7) anti-Americanism — антиамериканские настроения. Hostility to the interests of the United States.

8) national debt — государственный долг. The total amount of money which a country's government has borrowed.

9) Toronto [tə'rɔntə(u)] (2.5 mln.) — г. Торонто. One of the largest cities (1996)

10) Montreal [,mɔntri'ɔ:l] (1.6 mln.) — г. Монреаль (п-ров. Квебек). One of the largest cities (1996)