Лексика по пройденной теме

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 520.

Предлоги

S: You mustn't smoke ### many public places

S: English's regarded ### the international language of business

S: You should make ### least an effort to learn some English

S: The hosts usually set … the subject of conversations

S: Social customs and traditions, ideas and beliefs are important in creating a ###

S: Doing business … depends on the task people are undertaking

internatio….

S: Matching the verbs to their possible nouns

to undertake

to go on

to negotiate

to demonstrate

a recipient a task contracts : an affinity assignment

S: Words have a very different ### on nationalities. They may often insult them

S: What do they mean?

see eye to eye

get into hot water

be like a fish out of water

be thrown in at the deep end

S: Being …(гибкий) is a strong trait for managers to demonstrate

S: People usually ### typical mistakes doing business internationally

S: Cultural ### is our knowledge about some peculiarities of the country and its people

S: “High-flying business” = ?

S: ‘Sincerity' that's valued by the Chinese means … in Russian

S: The noun from ‘to refuse' (отказывать) is …

S: This company is a profitable (розничная компания)…

S: They may set up a joint … (предприятие) if their partner is reliable

S: The synonyms of ‘purpose' =…

S: ‘Staff' = ? (synonyms)

S: ‘Светская беседа' is small ?

S: Business is создание отношений

S: That day I was like a ### out of water

S: Our training ### prepare people for doing business abroad

S: The English for ‘особые аспекты'of culture is …

S: You mustn't ask about your counterpart's marital ### (семейное положение)

S: What do they mean?:

to undertake

to underpin

to apply

to require

to be alike

to vary

to praise

to refuse

S: Not for me thanks. I'm not very ### on pork

S: Welcome ### our headquarters

S: Make yourself at ###

S: What do you say?

L1: You offer to pay for coffee

L2: Your partner was redundant

L3: You are offered food you dislike

L4: You want to propose a toast

S: What do you do? I am … this year

S: Businessmen who go on … often deal with culture shock

Assign….

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Different cultures have different beliefs about when humour is appropriate, what can be joked about, and even who can be joked with. Attitudes to uncertainty and status influence how much humour can be used.

For example, in cultures where the desire to avoid uncertainty is high, as in Germany, humour will be welcomed when it contributes to the working environment and supports the highly task-oriented German company. But German managers are less likely to use humour tactically, as a means of dealing with criticism, or reducing tension between people. International managers communicating in Germany should be direct.

Status is another important consideration when humour is used. In some countries people may loosen up as they get promoted. But in more hierarchical cultures, such as France, the opposite is more likely to be the case. Seniority is largely determined by intellectual achievement and academic qualifications. Consequently, French executives are keen to avoid being seen as lightweight. So, while clever and sophisticated humour is acceptable, the risk of appearing foolish, with the accompanying loss intellectual status, tends to limit other forms of humour may be completely misunderstood.

I recall working for the company where we bought computer monitors from various suppliers in Japan, Italy and Canada to make our products. As an American firm, we were very tied to production and delivery deadlines, and we let our suppliers know the dates the monitors needed to arrive to allow shipment of our products. I quickly learned that ‘due date' meant different things in different countries: While the Japanese orders came right on time, the first Italian shipment I ordered was over a week late and was not complete. I called the company to see what had happened, and the Italians were very surprised. ‘What's a few days late?' they asked. ‘Next time maybe we will send it a few weeks early. And so the quantity is a little low this time? Next time maybe we'll send a little more.'

I have found that different cultures have different rules toward personal space. In Russia we tend to feel comfortable talking about a handshake distance away from each other. In Japan the distance is greater: about a bow distance away. But when I work with Latin Americans the distance is much closer. That was the fact I didn't know about. So when a manager from Latin America moved closer to me, I tried to back away at once. I understood that it made the partner confused, though. Later my colleague told me that the host might view my behaviour as cold and impersonal. You see how essential it is to be aware of these social differences so that you don't move in on a person, forcing them to back away, or, alternatively, if someone moves closer to you, you don't back away, giving them a feeling of distance.

What do they mean in an e-mail?

1: To

2: From

3: Cc

4: Bcc

5: Subject