Revision: Match the processes involved in the rock cycle with the definition and try to place them in the diagram. (R.P – 4.5, 4.6)
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 449.
Sedimentary, weathering (x2), source rock, path/paths, breakdown, differentiation, magma, metamorphism, lithification, cycle, processes, transport, melting, igneous, crustal, crystallization, deposition.
Fig. 13 Rock cycle
The geochemical (1)_________ is a (2)___________ followed by an individual element or group of elements in the (3)____________ and subcrustal regions of the Earth. During the cycle there occur
(4) _____________ – both separation of elements and elemental recombination. For the lithosphere, the cycle begins with the (5)_____________ of (6)____________ at the surface or at depth. Decomposition of the (7)______________rock by surface alteration and (8)______________ is followed by (9)______________ and (10) _______________of the sediment, (11)____________ and possibly (12)______________and eventually (13)_____________ with the generation of a new magma. A number of different (14)_____________ could be followed within this idea cycle. Each element will be affected differently as the cycle progresses; for example, partial melting of (15)______________rock to form a (16)_____________ separates elements according to the melting characteristics of the constituent minerals. Magmatic (17)_____________ processes produce a wide range of chemical compositions among igneous rocks and in particular tend to increase the concentration of Si, Al, Ca, Na and K and other lithophile elements in the evolved magmas.
(18)___________ processes are also effective in separating chemical components, for example, during the (19)__________ of an igneous rock, magnesium released by the (20)___________ of ferromagnesian minerals can be removed solution.
(The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Earth Science, Oxford University Press, 1991)
| 1. weathering | a. the process that converts a sediment into a sedimentary rock. |
| 2. erosion | b. the process by which the volume / thickness of sediment is reduced due to pressure of overlying layers of sediment. |
| 3. transportation | c. process that converts a solid into a liquid under temperature increase |
| 4. deposition | d. set of processes that cause physical and chemical changes in sediment after it has been deposited and buried under another layer of sediment. |
| 5. compaction | e. the process by which conditions within the Earth, below the zone of diagenesis, alter the mineralogical / chemical composition and structure of solid rock without melting it. |
| 6. cementation | f. the process by which particles of rock and soil are loosened, then transported elsewhere. |
| 7. diagenesis | g. temperature increase |
| 8. metamorphism | h. the movement of a particle from one location on the Earth's surface to another. |
| 9. melting | i. the process by which exposure to atmosphere causes rocks and minerals to break down. This process takes place at / near the Earth's surface. |
| 10. heating | j. the process by which sediment grains are bound together by precipitated minerals originally dissolved during the chemical weathering of preexisting rocks. |
| 11. lithification | k. accumulation of sediments by either physical / chemical sedimentation. |
3. READING COMPREHENSION