Complementary represent the two opposite possibilities.(man-woman, dead - alive)

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 609.

Relationalare antonyms which share the same semantic features, only the focus, or direction, is reversed: tie/untie, buy/sell, give/receive, teacher/pupil, father/son.

1. Мinor types of semantic relations

Hyponym - In linguistics, a specific term used to designate a member of a class. For instance, oak is a hyponym of tree, and dog is a hyponym of animal.

Hyperonym - is a word with a general meaning that has basically the same meaning of a more specific word. For example, dog is a hypernym, while collie and chihuahua are more specific subordinate terms.

Equonym - generic term as compared to the specific names wolf, dog or mouse (which are called equonyms). Dog, in its turn, may serve as a generic term for different breeds such as bull-dog, collie, poodle, etc.

1. Phraseological units as distinguished from free words.
2. Different classification of phraseological units.

Phraseology is known in the narrow sense as a branch of Linguistics. In the lexicological aspect Phraseology studies the meaning of set expressions and idioms.The sources of Phraseology.

In etymological classification of idiomatic phrases by L.P. Smith in his book “Words and Idioms”, the author points out the following sources of phraseology:

1. Ph. Units built around the names of different parts of the body: soft in the head, to have an open hand, to have a good head on one's shoulders.

2. Ph. Units from sport life: straight from the shoulder, to keep the ball rolling, to back up(support).

3. Set expressions from art: to play the first fiddle, out of tune, to make a scene, to change one's tune.

4. Phrases from Shakespeare writing: to be or not to be, to make sure double sure, the beginning of the end, to the heart's content.

5. Biblical expressions: safe and sound, dairy bread, to be a proverb and a byword

A Phraseological Unit & its definition. The combinations of words maybe divided into free and set phraseology studies, set combinations of words. Free word-combinationscomprise two or more notional words combined in accordance with grammar rules. Each component preserves its individual lexical and grammatical meanings, stylistic colouring and syntactical function: to break a match (2 matches): to change a plan (a programme); Set expressionsare word combinations characterized by structural, semantic, functional, stylistic integrity, i.e. neither the forms nor the order of the components may be changed, no words can be inserted into PhUs, the meaning of the whole structure is not the sum of the meaning of PhU components, the components are united by one syntactic function and stylistic colouring.