Twins method

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 514.

Biochemical method

Biochemical methods used for the diagnosis of hereditary diseases associated with metabolic disorders. With their help identify proteins and intermediate products of metabolism, this unusual organism, indicating the presence of altered (mutant) genes. We know of more than 500 hereditary human diseases caused by these genes (eg, diabetes).

In recent years, many countries developed and used for public research special programs. The first phase of the program lies in the fact that among the large number of subjects to select likely patients who have some inherited abnormalities. Such a program is called screening program (English sreening - sieving). This stage is usually used a small number of simple, accessible techniques (rapid method). Express methods are based on simple qualitative reaction detection of metabolic products in urine, blood. At the second stage of a refinement (confirmation or rejection of the diagnosis when false-positive reaction in the first stage). It uses accurate chromatographic methods for determination of enzymes, amino acids, etc.

Twins method is to study identical twins (organisms that originate from one zygote). Identical twins are always of the same sex, because they have identical genotypes. Studying these organisms can clarify the role of environmental factors in shaping the phenotype of individuals: different nature of their influence leads to differences in the manifestation of various conditions specific symptoms.

Separate group of genetic engineering methods by which scientists distinguish organisms from individual genes or synthesize them artificially reconstruct certain genes, injected them into the genome of another cell or organism. Genome - a set of genes haploid set of chromosomes of a particular species of organisms. In addition, scientists can combine different types of genes in a single cell, that combine in one individual of hereditary characteristics inherent in these species.