Morphological expressive means in English

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 542.

VERBS

· Present historical “Аж вбігла смерком наша Оксана в хату до матері… Раденька, веселенька, сміється, щебече, бігає, сяде, вп'ять скочить, кидається матері на шию, розказує, де була, що бачила” (Г.Квітка-Основ'яненко).

· Візьми та й +imperative mood – render the unexpected character of the action: “І тоді Максим здогадався, Що Орина таки закохалася в Романа. Про це він наодинці візьми та й ляпни братові...”

· Imperative Mood:“Другі бігають, кричать, а ти сиди, пряди, вечеряти подай, посуд перемий, та тоді й лягай, а як другі півні прокричали – вставай, світи і знову за гребінь”.

The stylistic potential of the morphology as a grammar level of the language is somewhat restricted in comparison with that of the lexical level. It can be explained by the fact that grammar (and especially morphological) structure is a main, organizing and unifying layer of the language. It is characterized by stable and unchangeable systemic ties. Extralinguistic factors, which give rise to stylistic phenomena, are much less influential in the morphology than in the lexical system of the language.

Expressive means on the morphological level are not numerous, because to the majority of morphological forms expressivity can hardly be attributed. However, there are some, which alongside their ordinary grammatical function display a kind of emphasis and therefore are referred to expressive means. Here belong:

Morphological Expressive Means in English

1. The Historical Present – the use of the Present Indefinite in literary style to describe a succession of actions in the past. It is used to make a vivid narrative of past events:

She arrives full of life and spirit. And about a quarter of an hour later she sits down in chair, says she does not feel well, gasps a bit and dies.

2. The use of shall in the second and third persons:

He shall do it! = I shall make him do it. (Its neutral counterpart)

3. The use of emphatic “do”, “did”instead of neutral forms of the Present and Past Indefinite.

He did come. = He came.

He does live. = He lives.

4. The use of the pronoun “you” in imperative sentences

Don't you forget!

You don't forget! = Don't forget.

5.Statements beginning with a negative word or phrase: hardly ever, neither, never, no sooner…than, nor, not often, not once, not only…but also, nowhere, under no circumstances, seldom, only then, scarcely.

Never again did Max buy another motorcycle.

Not until next year will the new tax change take place.

Nowhere had the explorers been met with more hospitality than in this village.

Not often is a Rembrandt stolen.

6. Unusual use of abstract nouns in the form of plural:

Heaven remained rigidly in its proper place on the other side of death, and on this side flourished the injustices, the cruelties, the meannesses, that elsewhere people so cleverly hushed up.

7. The use of the indefinite article with a proper name. It renders various shades of meaning, which is predetermined by context.

“he was not a Bagster” (the hero despises him and cannot act like him)

8. The use of pronounitto denote animate objects:

Oh, Lord! He involuntarily ejaculated as the incredibly dilapidated figure appeared in the light. It stopped; it uncovered pale gums, and long upper teeth in a malevolent grin.