INTRODUCTION

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 407.

PART 1

The literary speech is mainly presented in the written variety of the language. It is organized in accordance with three element structure: the speaker, the message and the addressee. The main unit of the literary speech is considered to be the text. A text is a complex linguistic phenomenon characterized by objective and subjective factors. From the point of view of the objective reality a text is a fragment of the outer world which is chosen by the author, who demonstrates his personal way of learning it by means of a literary work. Any fragment of the outer world may be chosen as an object of study which makes up the theme (the topic) of a literary work. The choice of the topic is not chaotic and is usually guided by social, ideological, political, economic, psychological, emotional and other problems existing in the society or at the time described.

A skilled and masterful author is always very sensitive about the most acute problems seeking to find the solution to them which is actually the idea of the literary work. The solution to the problem found by the author reflects, on the one hand, his personality but, on the other hand, it highlights the influence of the society on the life of an individual. This does not necessarily mean that the treatment of the problem by the author and the reader must be the same. The author's position may not coincide with that of the reader. There exist many reasons for that. That is why literary works should be not only read but studied. They must be studied in order to perceive the maximum of the ideas, thoughts and emotions depicted by the creator. This is what is called informational signals which influence the evaluative sphere of the reader.

A literary work is a complex and multi-layer creation of art. It does not consist of words and sentences only. In the majority of cases it rather deals with inner properties of lexical, grammatical and stylistic units of the language. Any literary work can be analyzed outwardly and inwardly. But only the combination of both gives the most adequate picture of the message of the author. On the other hand, this is the correct way to study the variability of language means, their multi-functional character and expressiveness.

The linguistic analysis of the text is closely connected with the interpretation of a literary work. We rather treat them as two heads of one coin, as linguistic means create images which are mainly dealt with in interpretation. But as it is impossible to draw a clear distinguishing line between the two, some basic principles of interpretation cannot be omitted, though the emphasis is laid on the language means and their role in the creation of a certain effect on the reader and the ways the information can be deduced from words and phrases.