Types of classifications

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 442.

1. Comprehensive classification was worked out by our Russian grammarians Khaimovich & Togovskaya. According to this classification there are 14 classes of words: noun, verb, statives (words of the category of state, e.g. asleep, awake etc), adjective, adverb, pronoun, numeral, conjunction, preposition, interjection, article, modal words (e.g. probably, perhaps, evidently), particles, responses (yes/no).
B.Ilyish considered articles to be not words, but grammatical morphemes. For Barkhudarov statives & adjectives belong to one & the same class. Ilyish, Barkhudarov& Kaushanskaya considered that there is no class of response words.

2. Morphological classification is based on morphological principle. It was introduced by H.Glesson. He divided words into classes according to their paradigm. There are 4 classes of words: noun, adjective, verb, personal pronoun. All the other groups are called syntactic groups.

3. Charles Frese divided all the words according to their functional syntactic features. He believed that all the words which can occupy the same position in the sentence must belong to the same class. He used the technique of substitution in the so called test-frames. He used 3 main test-frames.

a) The concert was good. (the structures meaning is thing and its quality at given time)

b) The clerk remembered the tax. (actor, action & thing acted upon)

c) The team went there. (actor, action & direction of the action)

All the words can fall in the same positions of the frames without affecting their general structural meaning can belong to one an the same class. Using this technique Charles Frese pointed out 4 classes: noun, adjective, verb, adverb. As for the rest of the words, he distributed them into 15 functional groups by means of the same method in extended test-frames.