Vowel «e»

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 530.

Learn the following graphical rules:

· Vowel /α:/ is represented in spelling by:

1) The digraph “ar” (part)

2) “a” followed by ”ss, st, sk, sp, ft, t, th, lf, lm” (after, past, ask, grasp, after, father, tomato, half, calm)

3) “ance”, “anch” in words of French origin (France, glance, ranch)

4) “and” when stressed (demand)

Rare Spellings: aunt, draught, laugh, clerk, sergeant, heart, hearth, bazaar, drama, aria, tomato, garage, moustache, vase

· Vowel /۸/ is represented in spelling by:

1) The letter “u” in stressed closed syllables (uncle)

2) “o” followed by “m, n, v, th” (come, son, love, mother)

3) The diagraph “ou” followed by “gh, bl(e), pl(e)” (tough, trouble, couple)

To memorise: “ou” + other consonants (country, courage, cousin, touch, young, southern)

Rare Spellings: blood, flood, worry

Irregular reading: stove

Find Ukrainian equivalents to the proverbs and sayings.Learn them:

/α: /

1. He laughs best, who laughs last.

2. After a storm comes a calm.

3. Each dog barks in his own yard.

4. Art is long, life is short.

/ ۸ /

1. So many countries, so many customs.

2. Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.

3. Love me, love my dog.

4. When two Sundays come together.

5. A storm in a tea cup.

6. A man is known by the company he keeps.

7. As snug as a bug in a rug.

8. As hungry as a hunter.

Learn the following graphical rules:

· Vowel /e/ is represented in spelling by:

1) the letter “e” in closed accented syllables (red)

2) the diagraphs “ea” before “d”, “th” (bread, weather), “s” /3/ (pleasure, measure);

in words: heavy, pleasant, peasant, health, wealth, meant, breakfast, weapon, any, many, says, said and some other such like.

“ie” (friend)

“ei” + /3/ (leisure)

letter “u” (bury)

· Vowel /æ/ is represented in spelling by:

1) the letter “a” in closed syllables (bag, glad)

Note: A number of disyllabic words with the accented letter “a” in an open syllable fall under this rule (family, cavity, palate)

Find Ukrainian equivalents to the proverbs and sayings, learn them:

/e /

1) Many men, many minds.

2) Better to do well than to say well.

3) Better late than never, but better never late.

4) All is well that ends well.

5) Better an egg today, that a hen tomorrow.

/æ/

2) No living man all things can.

3) Who chatters to you will chatter of you.

IV. Learn the following graphical rules:

· Vowel /o:/ is represented in spelling by:

1) “oor”, “our”, “oar” (door, your, board)

2) “or” /third syllable-type/ (port)

3) “a” followed by “ll” or “l” + consonant (all, salt, talk)

4) “au”, “aw” (autumn, law)

5) “ough”, “augh” + “t” (ought, thought, taught)

6) “war” (war, warm), “quar” (quarter)

Irregular Readings: our, flour, sour, poor

· Vowel /ס/ is represented in spelling by:

1) The letter “o” in closed stressed syllables (not)

2) The digraph “wa” (was), EXCEPT: water /o: /, “wha” (what)

3) “qua” (quality), EXCEPT: quarter, quarrel /kwo:/

Rare Spellings: because, sausage, cough, knowledge

V. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the proverbs and sayings. Learn them:

/o: /

6) All for one and one for all.

7) It never rains but it pours.

8) Trust me not all or all in all.

9) All roses have thorns.

/ס /

a. Honesty is the best policy.

b. A little pot is soon hot.

c. Be slow to promise and quick to perform.

d. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.

I. Learn the following graphical rules:

Vowel /3:/ is represented in spelling by:

1. The letters “e, i, u, y” followed by “r” /third syllable –type/ (term, bird, fur)

2. “ear” + a consonant (earth, heard) BUT: heart, hearth /a: /

3. “wor” (work, word)

4. “our” (journal, journey)

II. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the proverbs and sayings. Learn them:

1) Murder will out.

2) It's an early bird that catches the first worm.

3) First come, first served.

4) Live and learn.

5) As is the workman, so is the work.

I. Learn the following graphical rules:

Vowel /ә/ is represented in spelling by:

1) The letter “a” in prefixes (about)

2) In suffixes “er, or, ar, our, ous” (teacher, doctor, cellar, neighbour, famous)

3) “a, o, u” when non-accented (sofa, atom, column)

XI. Learn the following graphical rules:

· Vowel /u:/ is represented in spelling by:

1) The letter “u” in open syllables (tune)

Note: It sounds /u:/ preceded by “j, r, l” (June, blue)

2) The digraphs “eu” and “ew” - /ju:/ (neutral, few) BUT: Jew, crew, flew

3) “ui” (suit)

4) The digraph “ou” in words of French origin (group, wound)

5) “oo” (moon, root, pool), “you” (you, youth)

Rare Spellings: beauty, queue, who, whom, whose, do, to, too, two

· Vowel /υ/ is represented in spelling by:

1) The diagraph “oo” followed by “k” (book)

2) The letter “u” after “p, b, f”, sometimes “s” (pull, bull, full; sugar)

Irregular Readings: but, bus, butter

Rare Spellings: could, should, would, bouquet, woman, wolf

XII. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the proverbs and sayings, learn them:

/u: /

10) No news is good news.

11) Bad news has wings.

12) That's where the shoe pinches.

/υ/

a. A good beginning makes a good ending.

b. A good cook never cooks while looking into a cookery book.

c. Look before you leap.

III. Learn the following graphical rules:

· Vowel /i:/ is represented in spelling by:

3) the letter “e” in open and historically open syllables (be, meter, these)

4) the digraphs “ee” (meet, see)

“ea” (meat, seat)

“ie” (piece, field)

“ei” (ceiling, receive)

“ey” (key)

“ay” (quay)

“eo” (people)

“i” (ski, machine)

· Vowel /ı/ is represented in spelling by:

1) the letters “i” and “y” in stressed closed syllables (sit, window, myth, syllable)

2) “y”, “ey”, “ai”, “ay” when unstressed (city, money, mountain, Sunday)

3) the letter “e” in prefixes (before, decide)

4) the letters “e”, “a” and “u” when unstressed and sometimes stressed (alphabet, pretty; climate; minute, busy)

IV. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the proverbs and sayings, learn them:

/i: /

13) A friend in need is a friend indeed.

14) No sweet is without some sweat.

15) Extremes meet.

/ı /

5) As fit as a fiddle.

6) As busy as a bee.

7) Little pitches have big ears.

The /ı/-gliding diphthongs /eı/, /aı/ and /oı/.

The vowel sound /eı/ as in “make”

· Read the instruction to learn how to make the long sound /eı/.

The English diphthong / eı / begins as /e/, a short non-labialized front half-open vowel and immediately proceeds in the direction of the English /ı/. The lips are spread for the nucleus and move to a more close position during the glide.

· Listen to the target sound and the words and repeat. Look at the mouth diagrams to help you position your lips, tongue and jaw for the target sound. Transcribe the words.

/e e eı/

/e e eı/

/eı eı eı/

· Read these words with the sound /eı/. Transcribe them.

Mate, played,aim,plane, lady, tale, hey, plate, age,make, drain, mail, great, grey,eight, day, may, neighbour, bay, grade,break, tray, they, came, play, grate, steak, tail, wait, pain.

· `Listen to the sentences and repeat. Read each sentence aloud slowly at first, then as if you were telling it to someone in a natural way.

1) The train at eight was very late; we left the station with frustration.

2) Betrayed and amazed we aimed hastily for the Chain Walk brasserie.

3) We patiently waited in vain for our favourite table to become vacant.

4) To name your child with an ancient name some may consider insane!

5) All the favourite cakes that Jane had made were placed on trays.

6) You must pay any day if you are going away on the train.

· Read the following sentences. Mind the right articulation of the sounds / eı /.

1) The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plane.

2) Stay and play with the baby.

3) James paid for the apron.

4) May baked a cake yesterday.

5) He sailed eighty miles away from the bay.

6) The rain made me late.

7) I won't stay unless we can make him pay.

8) The favorite went lame before the race.

9) A grape becomes a raisin in its old age.

10) A player laid his ace face down on the table.

11) He gained his greatest fame in Asia.

· Listen and copy the intonation and voice modulation on the CD.

Stay, Frederic, stay!

They have no legal claim,

No shadow of a shame

Will fall upon my name.

· Practice reading the tongue twister as quickly as you can. Be careful not to mispronounce the target sound / eı/.

On a lazy laser raiser lies a laser ray eraser.

· Listen to the tongue twister. Learn it by heart. Practice saying it as quickly as you can. Be careful not to mispronounce the target sound

I have got a date at a quarter to eight; I'll see you at the gate, so don't be late.

· Listen to the dialogues. Intone them. Learn and reproduce, paying attention to the pronunciation of the sound / eı /, intonation and tempo.

Dialogue 1

- Oh, may I stay, Mummy? Please, say I can stay all day.

- Yes. If they say you may.

- They've got lots of places to play and they've…

- Wait, Jane.

- I'll take my painting book, and some of my games…

- Wait – till they say you may!

Dialogue 2

- Wear the pale grey dress, Amy. It's my favourite.

- But I can't wear the same dress in the same place day after day, Raymond. And anyway, the waist's too big.

- Mrs Taylor's a good dressmaker. She can…

- Yes! She can make me a new dress. But it doesn't need to be pale grey, does it, Ray?

- Wait a minute, Amy! I didn't say a new…

- Well, perhaps, the different shade of grey.

Dialogue 3

They say the weather's better in May.

- Mm. But you'll pay less in April.

- But in April it rains every day.

- They say the hotels are expensive in May.

- So, the question is – whether to pay for May weather.

- Yes. Or whether to save and get wet.

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V. Learn the following graphical rules:

Vowel /eı/ is represented in spelling by:

6) The letter “a” in open syllables (take)

7) The diagraphs “ai”, “ay”, “ea” (main, may, break)

8) “ei”, “ey” (veil, grey)

9) “ei”+g(h) (eight)

10) “a” followed by “ng(e), st(e)” (change, haste)

Irregular Readings: key/ki:/, height /haıt/

VI. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the proverbs and sayings. Learn them:

5) Make hay, while the sun shines.

6) Make haste slowly.

7) Haste makes waste.

8) No gains without some pains.

The vowel sound /aı/ as in “bike”.

· Read the instruction to learn how to make the long sound /aı/.

The English diphthong /aı / begins as /a/ , a short lax non-labialized front retracted open /a/ and immediately proceeds in the direction of the English /ı/. The lips are neutral. The distance between the jaws is wider at the beginning of the articulation and rather narrow at the end.

· Listen to the target sound and the words and repeat. Look at the mouth diagrams to help you position your lips, tongue and jaw for the target sound. Transcribe the words.

/a a aı/

/a a aı/

/aı aı aı/

· Read these words with the sound /aı/. Transcribe them.

Might, buy, quite, sign, mild, buy, why, fly, wide, wild, mind, delight, type, buys, flies, design, writer, pipe, wife,flight,cycle, sight, child, buyer, bike, fine, light, find, by, analyse.

· Listen to the sentences and repeat. Read each sentence aloud slowly at first, then as if you were telling it to someone in a natural way.

1) Try to find a bright idea behind the rhymes of Oscar Wilde.

2) The sun is no longer high in the sky as the day declines.

3) “His wife is quite mild and kind.” What? Are you blind?

4) There are some guys in St. Ives who have up to seven wives.

5) Holding their chins quite high nine knights were riding by.

6) Try not to be frightened of spiders, just hide when they come in sight – they won't bite!

7) Nine men with fine tenor voices decided to sing quite high in the choir on Friday night.

· Read the following sentences. Mind the right articulation of the sound /aı/.

1) Nile crocodiles have the widest smiles.

2) Isn't it fine to fly a kite?

3) What kind of ice cream shall I buy?

4) Why do you hide?

5) I like my five pet mice.

6) Be kind to the crying child.

7) Irish eyes are smiling.

8) Blind Island is a mile wide.

9) My guide will buy us the right kind of line.

10) He tried to find some high-priced ivory.

11) If I were wise I'd change the tire tonight.

· Listen and copy the intonation and voice modulation on the CD.

There was a lady loved a swine,

She kindly asked:

Pog-hog will you be mine?

I will build you a silver sty,

In which you will idly lie.

· Practice reading the tongue twisters as quickly as you can. Be careful not to mispronounce the target sound / aı /.

1. Little Mike left his bike like Tike at Spike's.

2. You've no need to light a night-light

On a light night like tonight,

For a night-light's light's a slight light,

And tonight's a night that's light.

When a night's light, like tonight's light,

It is really not quite right

To light night-lights with their slight lights

On a light night like tonight.

3. Why do you cry, Willy?
Why do you cry?
Why, Willy?
Why, Willy?
Why, Willy? Why?

· Listen to the tongue twister. Learn it by heart. Practice saying it as quickly as you can. Be careful not to mispronounce the target sound.

When you write copy you have the right to copyright the copy you write.

· Listen to the dialogues. Intone them. Learn and reproduce, paying attention to the pronunciation of the sound /aı/, intonation and tempo.

Dialogue 4

- D'you like my bike?

- Yes – it's a fine bicycle.

- I think it's very nice.

- But – why did you buy it?

- I didn't buy it. I've hired it for a fortnight.

- But why? You don't like cycling – or any kind of exercise.

- Well, Myra likes cycling. And I like Myra.

- Does Myra like you?

- In a fortnight she might – if I'm still alive.

Dialogue 5

- Do you mind if I sit by the aisle? Oh, how kind! Thank you. I hate flying.

- Then – why do you fly?

- I'm a highjacker.975

*********************************

III. Learn the following graphical rules:

Vowel /aı/ is represented in spelling by:

5. The letters “i” and “y” in stressed open syllables. (tie, my)

6. The diagraph “igh” + “t” (light), “ign” (sign)

7. “i” + “ld, nd” (kind, child)

8. “uy” (buy)

Rare Spellings: either, neither, height.

Irregular Readings: wind /wind/, city, pity.

IV. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the proverbs and sayings. Learn them:

4) Out of sight out of mind.

5) Neither here, nor there.

6) Great minds think alike.

The vowel sound /oı/ as in “toy”.

· Read the instruction to learn how to make the long sound /oı/.

The English diphthong /oı / begins as a short lax labialised back open /o/ and immediately proceeds in the direction of /ı /. The lips are slightly rounded and not at all protruded.

· Listen to the target sound and the words and repeat. Look at the mouth diagrams to help you position your lips, tongue and jaw for the target sound. Transcribe the words.

/o: o: oı/

/o: o: oı/

/oı oı oı/

· Read these words with the sound /oı/. Transcribe them.

Boy, voice,enjoyed, toy, boil, soil, oil, coin,royal, noise, choice,annoy, point, employ, toil.

· Listen to the sentences and repeat. Read each sentence aloud slowly at first, then as if you were telling it to someone in a natural way.

1) Troy was once destroyed by flamboyant noisy soldiers.

2) A noisy voice can be so annoying that the whole image can be spoiled.

3) Rice requires moist soil and months of toil.

4) Any noise annoys an oyster, but a noisy noise annoys an oyster most.

5) You can't enjoy the beef if the joint is covered with boiling oil.

6) Moira was very annoyed at the boisterous noise of her toy-boy enjoying his oysters.

· Read the following sentences. Mind the right articulation of the sounds / oı /.

1) Roy enjoys noisy toys.

2) The boy bought some oil.

3) Tom joined his noisy friends.

4) Roy likes oysters.

5) The boy was glad to hear his mother's voice.

6) He gave the boys money to buy toys.

7) Floy enjoyed the voile dress.

8) Mr. Boiler is employed at Detroit.

9) The point of the foil is poisoned.

10) He voiced his annoyance at the noise in the Savoy.

11) The Royal adroitly avoided the destroyer.

· Listen and copy the intonation and voice modulation on the CD.

An orphan boy,

Forgo your cruel employ,

How sad – an orphan boy.

If pity you can feel,

Leave me my sole remaining joy –

Against the sad, sad tale of the lonely orphan boy!

· Practice reading the tongue twister as quickly as you can. Be careful not to mispronounce the target sound / oı /.

What noise annoys an oyster most?

A noise annoys an oyster, but a noisy noise annoys an oyster most!

· Listen to the dialogues. Intone them. Learn and reproduce, paying attention to the pronunciation of the sound / oı /, intonation and tempo.

Dialogue 6

- What shall I buy for Simon?

- You spoil that boy.

- But he'll cry if I don't buy him a toy.

- Let him cry. He's got plenty of toys. Why not buy him an ice-cream?

- Last time he said he didn't like ice-cream.

- Well, I enjoy it.

Dialogue 7

- Would you like some rice?

- Mm. Nice.

- Boiled or fried?

- Oh, either.

- Two boiled rice, please.

- Well, I'd like fried – if I can have either.

- Two fried rice please.5

VIII. Learn the following graphical rules:

Vowel /oı/ is represented in spelling by:

The diagraphs “oi”, “oy” (oil, toy)

Irregular Readings: tortoise

IX. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the proverbs. Learn them.

1.The voice of one man is the voice of no one.

2. Loyal is as loyal does.

The /υ/-gliding diphthongs /aυ / and /әυ/.

The vowel sound /aυ/ as in “cow”

· Read the instruction to learn how to make the long sound /aυ/.

The English diphthong / aυ /begins as the front open /a/ and proceeds in the direction of the English /υ/. The lips are neutral.

· Listen to the target sound and the words and repeat. Look at the mouth diagrams to help you position your lips, tongue and jaw for the target sound. Transcribe the words.

/a a aυ/

/a a aυ/

/aυ aυ aυ/

· Read these words with the sound /aυ/. Transcribe them.

Found, houses,town, now, house, ground, cow, now,about, how, sound,around, count, south, down.

· Listen to the sentences and repeat. Read each sentence aloud slowly at first, then as if you were telling it to someone in a natural way.

1) No doubt we can find thousands of flowers in the Swiss mountains.

2) How now brown cow.

3) I saw a clown shouting in the town.

4) Here lies the body of Jonathan Pound who was last seen at sea and never found.

5) The loud sound of the hounds confounded the brown mouse.

6) With a shout, the boy found a thousand pounds to the south of the town.

· Read the following sentences. Mind the right articulation of the sounds /aυ/.

12) Mrs. Brown counted cows coming down the mountains.

13) Our brown cow has been found.

14) I have plowed the ground around the house.

15) She shouted loudly when she found a mouse among the flowers.

16) The owl came down from the mountain.

17) The Boy Scout bowed to the crowd.

18) Count me out for about an hour.

19) He scowled at the crowd that was shouting around town.

20) Somehow I doubt if it's a brown trout.

21) The mouth is usually rounded in shouting.

22) The sound was found to be a compound of vowels.

· Listen and copy the intonation and voice modulation on the CD.

Teddy worried about

The fact that he was rather stout.

But now he is proud of being short and stout.

· Practice reading the tongue twister as quickly as you can. Be careful not to mispronounce the target sound / aυ /.

Sounding by sound is a sound method of sounding sounds.

· Listen to the dialogue. Intone it. Learn and reproduce, paying attention to the pronunciation of the sound /aυ/, intonation and tempo.

Dialogue 1

- Is Howard in or out?

- Howard! Howard!

- It sounds as if he's out.

- I'll shout a bit louder. Howard!

- Howard! Sue Brown's in town.

- Mm. It sounds as if he's in.

Dialogue 2

A Mouse in the House

- (shoutinglo udly) I'VE FOUND AMOUSE!

- Ow! You're shouting too loudly. Sit down and don't frown.

- (sittingd own) I've found a mouse in the house.

- A town mouse?

- Yes. A little round mouse. It's running around in the lounge.

- On the ground?

- Yes. It's under the couch now

- Well, get it out.

- How?

- Turn the couch upside down. Get it out somehow. We don't want a

mouse in our house. Ours is the cleanest house in the town!

VII. Learn the following graphical rules:

Vowel /aυ/ is represented in spelling by:

The diagraphs “ou”, “ow” (out, town)

Rare Spellings: drought, bough, plough

VIII. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the proverbs and sayings. Learn them:

6) A sound mind in a sound body.

7) Every cloud has a silver lining.

8) Actions speak louder than words.

9) To come out dry.

10) When angry, count a hundred.

The vowel sound /әυ/ as in “snow”.

· Read the instruction to learn how to make the long sound /әυ/.

The English diphthong / әυ /begins as/ә/and immediately proceeds in the direction of the English /υ/. It should be mentioned that the tongue only approaches the /υ/–position so that the end of the glide is not a distinct /υ/. The lips start from a slight rounding and rather a large opening. At the end of the articulation the lips are considerably rounded, forming a rather oval opening.

· Listen to the target sound and the words and repeat. Look at the mouth diagrams to help you position your lips, tongue and jaw for the target sound. Transcribe the words.

/ә ә әυ/

/ә ә әυ/

/әυ әυ әυ/

· Read these words with the sound /әυ/. Transcribe them.

Boat, toes, roll, stone, coal, blows, toast, rose, moan, know, coast, comb, rope, row, slow, bowl, code,go, cold, shoulder, toe, coat, phone, most, snow.

· Find 14 words in the puzzle (every letter is used once) and write them in the correct part of the table. The words are written horizontally or vertically.

· Listen to the sentences and repeat. Read each sentence aloud slowly at first, then as if you were telling it to someone in a natural way.

1) Joan has a cold in her nose because she rode her pony through the frozen snow.

2) The poetry of bold poems imposed a strange tone on the whole show.

3) I don't know when I will come home, although I am closely focusing on the road. But soon, most probably, I will know and will phone you as I come closer to our home.

4) When speaking on the podium keep your shoulders open!

5) Discharge your loathsome loads! Belch forth your venom, toads!

6) Joe, don't go to Oklahoma or Ohio but come home to Rome instead.

· Read the following sentences. Mind the right articulation of the sound / әυ /.

1. Rose knows Joe phones Sophie, but Sophie and Joe don't know Rose knows.

2. You need a stone and some rope to keep a boat from floating.

3. The wind is blowing and it's cold and snowy.

4. All know that you are slow.

· Listen and copy the intonation and voice modulation on the CD.

Moses supposes his toeses are roses,

But Moses supposes erroneously;

For nobody's toeses are posies of roses

As Moses supposes his toeses to be.

· Practice reading the tongue twister as quickly as you can. Be careful not to mispronounce the target sound / әυ /.

Don't go home alone,

Nobody knows how lonely the road is.

· Listen to the dialogue. Intone it. Learn and reproduce, paying attention to the pronunciation of the sound / әυ /, intonation and tempo.

Dialogue 3

- What was the row about?

- He took me out in his boat. It's a motor-boat, but it broke down.

- So he rowed you home?

- No, his doctor won't allow him to row. He's had a broken shoulder, you know.

- So, I rowed and we had a row.

- Well, if he's had a broken shoulder, how could he row?

- Oh, I don't mind rowing.

- Well then?

- But he told me I was slow.

Dialogue 4

Snow in October

(Joe Jones is sleeping, but Joanna woke up a few minutes ago.)

- Joe! Joe! JOE! Hello, wake up, Joe!

- (groans) Oh! What is it, Joanna?

- Look out of the window.

- No. My eyes are closed, and I'm going to go to sleep again.

- Oh! Don't go to sleep, Joe. Look at the snow!

- Snow? But it's only October. I know there's no snow.

- Come over to the window, Joe.

- You're joking, Joanna. There's no snow.

- OK. I'll put my coat on and go out and make a snowball and throw it at

your nose, Joe Jones!

V. Learn the following graphical rules:

Vowel /әυ/ is represented in spelling by:

6. The letter “o” in open syllables (go, home)

7. “o” followed by “ll, ld, st” (roll, old, most)

8. “o” in word-final unstressed syllables (hero)

9. The diagraph “ow” (low, tomorrow)

10. The diagraph “oa” (boat)

Irregular Readings: now, how, cow, row (галас), brow, bow - /au/

Rare Spellings: shoulder, poultry, soul, owe, brooch, mould

VI. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the proverbs and sayings. Learn them:

4) As you sow, so shall mow.

5) True love never grows old.

6) When at Rome do as the Romans do.