Phonetics

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 489.

ARTICULATION BASIS OF ENGLISH

is the summary of rules of articulation in English.

1. The tongue is tense.

2. The lips are tense, mostly neutral (flat articulation) or spread (with the lower teeth revealed).

3. The voiceless plosive consonants /p, t, k/ are pronounced with aspiration: take /teık/.

4. All consonants are hard except for /ʃ/ and /ʒ/. Palatalization is a mistake.

5. 12 forelingual consonants have apical articulation (are pronounced with the help of the tip of the tongue): /t, d, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ, n, l, Ø, ð/, while in Ukrainian corresponding consonants are pronounced with the blade of the tongue.

6. Word-final voiced consonants are never devocalized, but they are weak: bag /bæg/, sad /sæd/. Word-final voiceless consonants are strong: ningt /naıt/, tape /teıp/.

7. The sonorants /m, n, l/ are tenser and longer than in Ukrainian. They are syllabic (form a syllable) after a stressed syllable and a consonant: table /teıbl/ - 2 syl., prison /prızn/ - 2 syl.

Examination questions

II term

1. Read the text, write out 10 different words consisting of two and more syllables. Analyze the words' accentual structure and dwell on the rules of word stress.

2. Divide the given paragraph into intonation groups, lay stress-tone marks according to the rules and comment on the use of pauses.

3. Read the text, write out questions, define their types, lay stress-tone marks on them and explain the use of nuclear tones in different types of questions.

4. Read the text, find 5 compound nouns and give their stress patterns. Dwell on the peculiarities of compound stress in English. Exemplify your answer.

5. Read the text, find 5 compound nouns and give their stress patterns. Dwell on the peculiarities of compound stress in English. Exemplify your answer.

6. Read the text, write out sentences with enumeration and adverbials, lay stress-tone marks on them and explain the use of nuclear tones.

7. Read the text, find 5 words and word combinations in which phonemes undergo loss of plosion, lateral, nasal and fricative plosion, transcribe them and comment on the changes in the phonemes.

8. Read the text, find 5 words and word combinations in which phonemes undergo partial assimilation affecting the lip position, transcribe them and comment on the changes in the phonemes.

9. Read the text, find 5 words and word combinations in which phonemes undergo partial assimilation affecting the work of the vocal cords, transcribe them and comment on the changes in the phonemes.

10. Read the text, find 5 words and word combinations in which phonemes undergo partial assimilation affecting the place of articulation, transcribe them and comment on the changes in the phonemes.

11. Read the text, find 5 words and word combinations in which phonemes undergo progressive assimilation, transcribe them. Dwell on the general principles of classification of assimilation.

12. Read the text, find 5 words and word combinations in which phonemes undergo double assimilation, transcribe them. Dwell on the general principles of classification of assimilation.

13. Read the text, find 5 words and word combinations in which phonemes undergo regressive assimilation, transcribe them. Dwell on the general principles of classification of assimilation.

14. Read the text, find 5 words and word combinations in which phonemes undergo complete and intermediate assimilation, transcribe them and comment on the changes in the phonemes.

15. Read the text, find 5 words and word combinations in which phonemes undergo partial assimilation, transcribe them. Dwell on the principles of classification of partial assimilation.

16. Lay stress-tone marks on the given sentence using the Descending Stepping Scale, transcribe it and draw a tonogram to it. Comment on the rules of syntagmatic division and the use of tones.

17. Lay stress-tone marks on the given sentence using the Ascending Stepping Scale, transcribe it and draw a tonogram to it. Comment on the use of the Descending Stepping Scale.

18. Read the text, find 10 disyllabic and three-syllable words, transcribe them, and comment on their stress patterns.

19. Read the text, find 10 polysyllabic words, and comment on their stress patterns.

20. Read the text, find 10 phrases, and comment on their stress patterns.

21. Read the text, find 5 words with inseparable prefixes, transcribe them, and comment on their stress patterns.

22. Read the text, find 5 words with separable prefixes, transcribe them, and comment on their stress patterns.

23. Lay stress-tone marks on the given sentence using the broken Descending Stepping Scale, transcribe it and draw a tonogram to it. Dwell on the classification of scales.

24. Divide the given paragraph into intonation groups, lay stress-tone marks according to the rules and comment on the use of nuclear tones.

25. Divide the given paragraph into intonation groups, lay stress-tone marks according to the rules and dwell on the use of the Descending Stepping Scale.