By Ways of Word-for-Word or Loan Translation

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 516.

By Translation of Componential Parts and Additional Explication

By Descriptive Explaining/Explication Only

That happens mostly when the transcription/transliteration cannot be helpful in expressing the sense of the culturally biased national unit, or when it might bring about an unnecessary ambiguity in the target language:

No coffins were available, so they wrapped George in a blanket and in the Union Jack. – У них не було готових домовин, тож вони загорнули Джорджа у ковдру та в прапор Великої Британії.

The way of rendering the meanings of this kind of units practically involves two simultaneous performances. The first is a regular translation of the main, if not all, componential parts and the next is a more or less exhaustive explanation of the essence pertained to the specific national element of the source language. For example:

Well, I can tell you anything that is in an English bluebook. – Отже, я можу розповісти тобі все, що записано в англійській «Синій книзі».¹

«Синя книга»¹ - збірник документів, що видається з санкції парламенту Великої Британії в синіх палітурках.

When the componential parts of the units of the nation­ally specific lexicon are the main transparent bear­ers of their proper sense, a faithful translation of such sense units may be achieved either by way of word-for-word translation or by way of loan translation.

A) Translated word-for-word are the specific national units of lexi­con as first (second, third) reading перше (друге, третє) читання; sec­ondary grammar school (середня граматичнашкола); стінгазета wall newspaper etc.

B) The denotative meaning of many units of the specific na­tional lexicon may be rendered by way of loan translating as well. Thus, from English:Salvation Army (USA, Gr.Britain) Армія порятунку; Order of St. Michael and St. George орден св.Михаїла і св.Георгія; fan club клуб прихильників/уболівальників; from Ukrainian:орден Ярослава Мудрого the Order of Yaroslav the Wise. The denotative meaning of these and many other English/Ukrainian spe­cific units of national lexicon of the kind will undoubt­edly be understood by the TL speakers. And yet neither of the two ways of translating can often provide an exhaus­tive expression of all the extralingual details of meaning in the SL.

A considerable number of specific units of the national lexicon consist of the component parts with seemingly transparent lexical meaning. But when conveyed verbally or word-for-word, however, they may lose their proper meaning to­gether with their nationally specific nature. For example, the «House of Lords» when translated as будинок лордів completely perverts the real meaning of the collocation as «House» here has the meaning of палата. Likewise with the «House of Commons» where both compo­nents are also endowed with a nationally peculiar meaning and cannot be translated as будинок простих людей, but only as «Палата громад».