By Transcription or Transliteration and Explication

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 534.

By Transcription or Transliteration Exclusively

Ways of Rendering the Meaning of Nationally Biased Units of Lexicon

UNITS OF NATIONALLY BIASED LEXICON AND WAYS OF THEIR TRANSLATION

Each nation in the course of its historical development acquires a great number of features characteristic of the nation only and not pertained to any other, even to a genealogically related nation. These features are materialized in separate words and word-groups designating national customs, traditions, folk rites and feasts (Ukrainian Івана Купала, Маковія; American Uncle Sam; British John Bull), administrative or political systems (primary elections in the USA), monetary systems (shilling, hryvnia), articles of clothing (kilt, tartar, вишиванка), national meals, beverages (голубці, вареники), national systems of weights and measures (верства, пуд), peculiar geographical, geological or environmental conditions of a nation's life.

The units of the nationally specific lexicon, whose meanings are rendered at the phonological level, usually belong to genuine internationalisms and comprise social and political units of lexicon in the main (cf. gentleman, lady, shilling, hryvnia).

In many cases the lingual form of a unit of nationally specific lexicon conveyed through transcription or transliteration cannot provide a full expression of its lexical meaning. Then an additional explication of its sense becomes necessary.The explanation may be given either in the translated passage or in a footnote (when a lengthy explication becomes necessary):

As the dawn was just breaking he found himself close to Covent Garden. – Щойно стало розвиднятися, а він уже був неподалік від ринку Ковент-Гарден.

He said that Wall Street and Threadneedle Street between them could stop the universe. – Він сказав, що Волл-Стріт і Треднідл-Стріт¹удвох спроможні зупинити всесвіт.

Треднідл-Стріт¹ - вулиця в лондонському Сіті, де розташовані кілька головних банків Великої Британії.