Ways of Conveying the Lexical Meaning of Genuine Internationalisms

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 771.

1. Literal Translating.Latin:an­gina анґіна, dentist дантист, symposium симпозіум; Greek: poet поет, electron електрон, stadium стадіон, drama драма, theatre театр; Italian:macaroniмакарони, pizza піца, concerto концерт, duet дует, solo соло; Spanish:armada армада, tango танго. Never­theless, in many genuine internationalisms there is no absolute lit­eral coincidence in the SL and in the TL: monsoon мусон, waltz вальс, wine вино, salt сіль, muscle мускул.

2. Translating via Transcribing/Conveying the Sounding Structure.Many genuine internationalisms are also faithfully rendered into the target language in their sounding form.English:boom бум, box бокс, yeans джинси, knock-out нокаут, leader лідер; French:boulevard бульвар, bouquet букет, bureau бюро.

3. Translating by Practical Transcribing.any international word will have one and the same lingual and structural form in the target language. Thus, whether it is bankruptcy in English,bankerott'm German, banqueroute'm French or bancarot-ta in Italian, it will always remain «банкрутство» in Ukrainian. Hence, only some degree of likeness is retained between the lingual form of bankruptcy and its Ukrainian equivalent «банкрутство». The adopted word has obtained in the target language an orthographic, sounding and morphological/structural form, which is only similar to that of En­glish, French, German, or Italian.

4. Descriptive Translating.Many genuine international lexemes are semantically con­densed and can be translated into the target language only in a de­scriptive way.

a) the lingual form of the SL lexemes can be re­tained as the main lexemes of the TL word-combination/ sentence: civilizable той (та,те), що піддається цивілізуванню/ цивілізації; classifiableтой (та,те), що піддається класифікації;

b) the lingual form of the internationalism is not or cannot be retained in the target language. It happens when the internationalism has not been adopted yet by the target language. deputize (v)виступати (бути представником) від когось; epilogic заключний.

5. Translating by Way of Synonymous Substitution.An international lexeme of the target language can be often sub­stituted in the process of translation for another international lexeme of synonymous or close to it meaning: base (Greek) база, фундамент (Lat.); elixir (Arab.+Greek) еліксир, панацея (Greek); Fata Morgana (Ital.) фата морґана, міраж(Fr.); diagram (Greek)діаграма, графік (Ibid.), схема (Ibid.); fashion (Fr.) фасон, мода (Fr.+Latin);