The Object
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 874.
The object is a secondary part of the sentence which completes or restricts the meaning of a verb or sometimes an adjective, a word denoting state, or a noun.
| Ways of expressing the object | ||
| 1. | noun in the common case | We ought to give him a present. |
| 2. | pronoun (personal in the objective case, demonstrative, defining, indefinite, negative, possessive, reflexive) (formal it after verbs to think, to consider, to find, to make) | I don't know anybody here. I must do my best for her. He says he did not know that. He found it impossible to utter the next word. |
| 3. | substantivized adjective or participle | First of all she attended to the wounded. Some tribes when moving to another place left the dying behind. |
| 4. | infinitive, an infinitive phrase, or construction | The sergeant ordered his men to stop. He saw someone come toward them. The woman waited for the storm to pass. |
| 5. | gerund, gerundial phrase or construction | I remember seeing you at the theatre. A man hates being run after. |
| 6. | any part of speech used as a quotation | He called “Hsst!” several times. |
| 7. | syntactically indivisible group | He asked for a pinch of salt. He found a number of persons in the Morse home. |
| 8. | prepositional phrase with a noun or a gerund | He had sought for a suitable opportunity to disclose his secret. I insist on your going. |
| Types of objects | ||
| direct | It is used after transitive verbs without any prepositions. There are verbs which have two direct objects. | I moved my head negatively. I helped him. He mounted the horse. I asked him his name. Forgive me this question. |
| indirect | 1. It expresses the addressee of the action, it is used with transitive verbs and comes before the direct object. The indirect object – noun follows the direct object – pronoun. The direct object – pronoun it precedes the indirect object. After verbs to explain, to dictate, to suggest, to relate, to announce, to ascribe, to attribute, to communicate, to introduce, to repeat, to submit, to dedicate, to disclose, to interpret, to point out the indirect object is used with preposition to | She gave him an interesting book to read. She sent Soames the telegram. But: She sent the telegram to Soames. I sent him to his mother. Give it to him. I shall dictate to you the names of the books. The teacher explained to us some new riles. |
| 2. prepositional indirect objectis used with verbs, adjectives, statives, nouns of verbal origin. | I am uneasy about it. She was not aware of his being there. Her behaviour to her friends was irreproachable. | |
| complex | The first component of it is a noun in the common case or in the possessive case, a personal pronoun in the objective case, or a possessive pronoun; the second is an infinitive, a participle, a gerund, a noun, a stative, a prepositional phrase. It is expressed | She thinks herself very clever. He felt himself unusually on edge. Dick found himself walking in the direction of his friend. |
| by a participial or a gerundial construction, an Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction, for-to-Infinitive Construction. | His new duties had kept him occupied. My lady assures him of his being worth no complaint from her. I want you to come out. | |
| cognate | Verbs that takes a cognate object are: to live (a life), to smile (a smile), to laugh (a laugh), to die (a death), to sigh (a sigh), to sleep (a sleep), to dream (a dream), to run (a race), to fight (a fight, a battle) | He died the death of the hero. She sighed a heavy sigh. One must live one's own life. |
Ex. 18. Point out the kind of object and say by what it is expressed.
1. What have you got there? 2. She pretended not to hear. 3. Marcellus found the luggage packed and strapped for the journey. 4. I know all about it, my son. 5. I have to show Dr. French his room. 6. I never heard you express that opinion before, sir. 7. Halting, he waited for the Roman to speak first. 8. He was with you at the banquet. 9. They don't want anything from us — not even our respect. 10. I beg your pardon for calling you by your name. 11. I found myself pitying the Baton. 12. I've got it framed up with Gilly to drive him anywhere. 13. He smiled upon the young men a smile at once personal and presidential. 14. Gallic didn't know how to talk with Marcellus about it. 15. Laura helped her mother with the good-byes. 16. Why did you not want him to come back and see me today? 17. Mr. Jinks, not exactly knowing what to do, smiled a dependant's smile. 18. He found it impossible to utter the next word. 19. Marcellus issued crisp orders and insisted upon absolute obedience. 20. He's going to live his own life and stop letting his mother boss him around like a baby. 21. I will suffer no priest to interfere in my business. 22. Papa will never consent to my being absolutely dependent on you. 23. Do you know anything more about this dreadful place? 24. She hated Frisco and hated herself for having yielded to his kisses. 25. They had been very hard to please, Harry would demand the impossible. 26. His part in the conversation consisted chiefly of yesses and noes. 27. Michelangelo could not remember having seen a painting or sculpture of the simplest nature in a Buanarrotti house.
Ex. 19. Point out the Complex Object and say by what it is expressed.
1. He could see the man and Great Beaver talking together. 2. She had lied about the scullery door being open on the night of the disappearance of the bank-notes. 3. Each woman thought herself triumphant and the other altogether vanquished. 4. Thus these two waited with impatience for the three years to be over. 5. Sammy watched Mr. Cheviot slowly take the receiver from the girl. 6. He hated her to work in the boarding house. 7. The Consul felt his legs give way. 8. Mother objected to Aimee being taken away from her game with the boys. 9. They had never heard him speak with such urgency, his eyes glowing like amber coals in the fading light.
Ex. 20. Compare the object given in bold type.
1. a) Fetch your friend a chair. b) Fetch your friendto the party. 2. a) Don't keep the books too long; return them in due time. b) The neighbours asked me when you could return themtheir books. 3. a) Here is the article; give itto the editor. b) Look at the suit. How can you be wearing it? You should have given ita good brush before putting it on. 4. a) His voice refused him. b) You can't refuse him artistry.
Ex. 21. Make up sentences with the following phrases taking Exercise 20 as a model.
ask him, show her, offer them, send her, buy them, find me, bring him, give it, teach us
Ex. 22. Translate into English using the object.
1. Ол өз бос уақытының бәрін музыкаға арнады. 2. Жаңа сөздердің мағынасын маған түсіндірінізші, өтінемін. 3. Ол өз (жаналық) ашуынын құпиясын ашты. 4. Байрон өз дастандарынын біреуін Гетеға арнады. 5. Бөлмеден біреу шыққанын сіз көрдіңіз бе? 6. Ол бізге Мәскеуге кетуге тілегін мәлімдеді. 7. Мен ешқашан істемеген нәрсені маған жаппаңыз. 8. Ол өз бос уақытынын бәрін қоғамдық жұмысқа арнайды. 9. Маған кеше сағатымды жөндеп берген жоқ. 10. Мен бұл студент туралы жаман пікір айтқаның естігенжоқпын. 11. Мен өзімнің көйлегімді қайта тіккізгім келеді. 12. Суреттер галереясына кіріп келгенде мен терезенің жанында тұрған құрбымды көрдім. 13. Ол пальтосын жаңа жыл қарсанында тігуді қалады. 14. Бізге ән айтынызшы. 15. Бізге «Евгений Онегиннен» тағы бір арияны айтып берінізші.
Ex. 23. Arrange the objects in brackets in accordance with the meaning of the sentence. Use prepositions if necessary.
1. They all stood up. Andrew reflected quickly. It would take (the best part of the day, him) to examine them all properly. 2. Later, they went to the theatre. Since he gave (free choice, her) she selected Saint Joan. 3. Andrew went out of the theatre hall and bought (an ice-cream, Christine) at the interval. 4. For two weeks Dr. Manson had received not a single answer to his application. Then Denny offered (an explanation, him). 5. The interview began. Owen, in a quiet voice, explained (him, the conditions of the post). 6. Owen announced (Andrew, the decision of the committee). 7. Each patient had a card and by demanding that card and handing (it, another doctor) he could affect the change of a doctor. 8. It gave (a thrill of pleasure, Andrew) to see himself identified, already, with his room. 9. If you want to get a leave, you ought to submit (an application, your chief) beforehand. 10. I will communicate (him, the news) as soon as he shows up at the office. 11. Unfortunately, I've left my grammar book at home. Would you lend (yours, me)? 12. Would you mind interpreting (us, the meaning of the expression)?
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| Ex. 11. State by what part of speech the predicatives are expressed in the following sentences. | | | The Attribute |