The Adverbial modifier
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 1083.
The adverbial modifier is a secondary part of the sentence which modifies a verb, an adjective or an adverb.
| Kinds of adverbial modifier | |
| of time | We shall try ittomorrow. While dancing,he had occasion to look at Aileen often. |
| of frequency | Though they had often bothered him he had never bothered them. |
| of place and direction | Gains had spies everywhere. Among the hills Martin and Ruth sat side by side. |
| of manner | Hendel Hull so obviously adored his wife. Their conversations were conducted with icy formality. Marcellus accepted this information without betraying his amazement. |
| of attendant circumstance | Then the sun rolled into the old town, clattering over the stones. Now I can go to bed at last without dreading tomorrow. |
| of degree and measure | It is rather good. It weighs a pound. |
| of cause | The men were weary, having run behind the beasts all day. |
| of result (consequence) | She is too fond of the child to leave it. |
| of condition (it is very rare) | Mrs. Micawber thought that with large means her husband would have distinguished himself long age. |
| of comparison | Judice is as white as mud. She is as perfect as sin. John plays the piano better than Mary. |
| of concession (it is very rare) | Though frightened he carried it off very well. |
| of purpose | Ham sometimes walked with us to show us the boats and ships. They cleared swamp growth for planting. |
| Ways of expressing the adverbial modifier | ||
| 1. | adverb | Rachel turned instinctively to prevent a possible intruder from entering. |
| 2. | noun with or without accompanying words | Next day the morning hours seemed to pass very slowly at Mr. Pellet's. They walked miles without finding any habitation. |
| 3. | prepositional phrase | The red dust spread up and out over everything. I walked straight up the lane. |
| 4. | noun, pronoun, adjective, infinitive, participle, or prepositional phrase with a subordinating conjunction | Mary swims better than her sister. If necessary, she must see Mr. Brown. He shrank back as though to ward off physical violence. |
| 5. | participle or participial a phrase | Turning away, she caught sight of the extra edition of The Signal. When questioned, she explained very carefully. |
| 6. | absolute construction | Dehn bust in, the terror of the stress written on his face. |
| a) The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction | ||
| b) The Nominative Absolute construction | He stopped and turned about, his eyes brightly proud. | |
| c) The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction | He looked at Mr. Micawber attentively, with his whole face breathing shirt and quick in every feature. | |
| d) Prepositional Absolute Construction | He rushed forward, with fury in his looks, and fire in his eye. | |
| 7. | prepositional phrase or a construction with a gerund | His father looked up without speaking. On her going to his house to thank him, he happened to see her through a window. |
| 8. | infinitive, an infinitive phrase, or construction | They rose to go into the drawing-room. |
Ex. 26. Point out the kind of adverbial modifier, and state by what it is expressed. Translate into Kazakh.
1. Gallio slowly nodded his head. 2. He's coming Saturday at one o'clock. 3. Lucia stopped them in their tracks with a stern command. 4. Sally was sitting on the front seat of the buggy, dumb and unhappy at being ignored. 5. I feel my own deficiencies too keenly to presume so far. 6. A few miners hung on, hoping the mines would reopen. 7. The first bar of gold raised hopes sky high. 8. She had to talk because of her desire to laugh. 9. Gallio pushed back his huge chair and rose to his full height as if preparing to deliver an address. 10. He takes a glass and hоlds it to Essie to be filled. 11. Morris was walking too quickly for Sally to keep up with him. 12. The poor woman was annoyed with Morris for dumping his wife on her. 13. It was quite a long narrative. 14. Of course Laura and Jose were far too grown-up to really care about such things. 15. Now and then Gavin would stop to point out silently some rarity. 16. And for all her quiet manner, and her quiet smile, she was full of trouble. 17. The young schoolteacher's spirits rose to a decided height. 18. Evil report, with time and chance to help it, travels patiently, and travels far.
Ex. 27. Follow the direction for Exercise 26.
1. At the top of the stairs she paused to wave to him. 2. Marcellus accepted this information without betraying his amazement. 3. Having knocked on his door, she firmly entered Grandpa's room. 4. After waiting for a few minutes, he marched up the steps, closely followed by Demetrius. 5. Why do you always look at things with such dreadfully practical eyes? 6. David appeared in the open door, one hand clutching a sheaf of bills, under his other arm an account book. 7. That night I could scarcely sleep for thinking of it. 8. She did feel silly holding Moon's hand like that. 9. Then Gallio cleared his throat, and faced his son with troubled eyes. 10. We have some exceptionally fine-roses this year. 11. Jonathan shook his head slowly, without looking up, his tongue bulging his cheek. 12, But it was of no use. Marcellus' melancholy was too heavy to be lifted. 13. She [Sally] never would have been able to make a success of the dining-room but for the kindness and assistance of the men. 14. On being informed of the old man's flight, his fury was unbounded. 15. To be a complete artist it is not enough to be a painter, sculptor or architect. 16. Sally was furious with herself for having fainted. 17. With all her faults, she was candour herself. 18. The receiving overseer, Roger Kendall, though thin and clerical, was a rather capable man.
Ex. 28. Translate what is given in brackets into English using various means of expressing the adverbial modifier:
a) of time:
1. They had to leave most of the things they had packed up (алдын ала). 2. They booked tickets (алдын ала). 3. It rained (үш күн бойы), but the roads dried up (бір күннен кейін). 4. (Бірнеше күннен кейін) he was well again. 5. I shall be free (бес күннен кейін). 6. I have known it (бұрыннан). 7. (Алдымен) I could not understand what it was all about. 8. (Бұрыштан айналып), he saw a crowd of people. 9. He must have been very handsome (жас болғанда). 10. She lived in the country (жаз бойы). 11. (Демалыс кезінде) I (жии) went to the theatre. 12. (Қалағанын барлығын айтып), he took his hat and went away.
b) of place:
1. (Кіре берісте) he found the carriage waiting for him. 2. (Жағажайда) I watched the people basking (күннің көзінде). 3. A dog ran (үйдің артынан) and barked at me. 4. She seated the boy (оның дағдылы орнына). 5. He opened the window and looked (бақшаға). 6. We took a short cut (жазық бойымен). 7. We passed (орман ақылы) and came (алаңқай).
c) of manner and attending circumstances:
1. Mr. Traffy drank his wine (бір жұтыммен). 2. She returned (жүректе қуанышты сезіммен). 3. They went down (қол ұстасып). 4. I sleep (ашық тереземен). 5. “Who is knocking at the door” he asked (қатты дауспен). 6. Who could ever think him to be capable of acting (осылай). 7. Sam looked (қашып кетуге талпынғандай жан жағына). 8. We walked rapidly (басын иіп, еш нәрсеге назар аудармай). 9. Everyone was already asleep, and we talked (сыбырлап)
d) of degree:
1. I'm (шексіз) obliged to you. 2. Mr. Bunting was (аса қатты) shocked. 3. The effect of the medicine was (әжептәуір) strong. 4. He was asleep, lying on his back, with his hand turned (кішкене) to one side and an arm flung out. 5. The last couple of days tired him (өте). 6. You are really (мүлдем) ill. 7. She was (бірәз) surprised at seeing me. 8. Mr. Bunting had a (жеткілікті) modest opinion of his brain power, and even of his courage. 9. This is how Mr. Bunting knew his (шынында) bad days.
e) of cause (or reason):
1. Julie suddenly choked (күлкіден). 2. Much exhausted, and suffering greatly now (тамақ жетпегендіктен), Jane turned aside into a lane and sat down under the hedge. 3. In the story Love of Life Jack London described a man who nearly died (аштықтан). 4. It all happened (менің кесірімнен). 5. We actually were falling off our feet (әлсірегеннен). 6. I fell silent, (не айтарын білмей). 7. (Басқа қосатын еш нәрсе болған жоқ), we closed the discussion.
Ex. 29. Point out all the adverbial modifiers expressed by Predicative Constructions. Translate into Kazakh.
1. Marcellus strode-heavily to and fro before the entrance, his impatience mounting. 2. On her applying to them, reassured by this resemblance, for a direction to Miss Dorrit, they made way for her to enter a dark hall. 3. Well, women's faces have had too much power over me already for me not to fear them. 4. I almost doubt whether I ought not to go a step farther, and burn the letter at once, for fear of its falling into wrong hands. 5. Michelangelo went to Jacopo's side, ran his hand carressingly over the sarcophagus, his fingers tracing out in its low relief the funeral procession of fighting men and horses. 6. Michelangelo went into the yard and sat in the baking sun with his chin resting on his chest. 7. That over, she sat back with a sigh and softly rubbed her knees. 8. He opened the door for the Senator to precede him. 9. They were returning to Fogarty's; their hands full of flowers. 10. She pressed his hand mutely, her eyes dim. 11. His being an older man, that made it all right. 12. On the second of these days Granacci burst into the Studio, his usually placid eyes blinking hard. 13. He stood beside me in silence, his candle in his hand. 14. In a room within the house, Cowperwood, his coat and vest off, was listening to Aileen's account of her troubles. 15. There was room enough for me to sit between them, and no more.
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| Apposition | | | Ex. 30. Point out what parts are detached and by what they are expressed. |