The Importance of Environmental Assessment

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 430.

Identifying the Rocks

C-Tests

Appendix 1

C. Discussion

Topics:

1. The functions of operating companies, drilling contractors and service and supply companies.

2. The ways of paying contractors for their work.

3. Companies involved in drilling work in Eastern Siberia.

Rock structures that contain oil or gas are hidden from view by the sea or other rock layers but we can't just go around drilling lots of holes and hoping to strike lucky.We have to be more precise and start by doing a full survey of the area.

This i__1)where geolo__ __ __ __ __2)and geophy__ __ __ __ __ __ __3), the scien__ __ __ __ __4)who st__ __ __5)rocks a__ __6)their forma__ __ __ __ __7), are rea__ __ __8)valuable. A geol__ __ __ __ __9)looks a__10)the mak__ __ __11)of ro__ __ __12)- where th__ __13)are a__ __14)the forma__ __ __ __ __15)they ma__ __16). A geophysicist, a__17)the na__ __18)implies, us__ __19)the phys__ __ __ __20)characteristics o__21)rocks - th__ __ __22)magnetic a__ __23)gravitational prope__ __ __ __ __24), and ve__ __25)importantly, h__ __26)sound wa__ __ __27)travel thr__ __ __ __28)different ki__ __ __29)of ro__ __ __30)- to he__ __31)understand t__ __32)structures be__ __ __33)the Ea__ __ __34)'s sur__ __ __ __35). There a__ __36)clear diffe__ __ __ __ __ __37)between ign__ __ __ __38)rocks, wh__ __ __39)were for__ __ __40)when h__ __41), molten ma__ __ __42)from t__ __43)Earth'__44)interior coo__ __ __45)and solid__ __ __ __ __46)and sedim__ __ __ __ __ __47)rocks. Sedimentary rocks were formed when small worn particles of sediment were compressed together - like the sandstone described earlier or the muddy sediment that sank to the bottom of the sea at the same time as the organic material which went on to form oil and gas.

Before a seismic survey at sea is carried out several things have to be considered.

One of these is the effect on birds, fish, and mammals - like whales or dolphins, plant life, and other creatures that live on the seabed. A full enviro__ __ __ __ __ __ __1)assessment i__2)therefore car__ __ __ __3)out bef__ __ __4)any sei__ __ __ __5)survey i__6)started. Th__ __7)involves mak__ __ __8)a detailed st__ __ __9)of t__ __10)site t__11)see, f__ __12)example, whe__ __ __ __13)whales mig__ __ __ __14)through t__ __15)area a__ __16)if s__17), at wh__ __18)time o__19)year. W__20)also ne__ __21)to kn__ __22)the fee__ __ __ __23)habits o__24)local s__ __25)birds a__ __26)make a rec__ __ __27)of t__ __28)types o__29)shellfish th__ __30)live o__31)the sea__ __ __32). In fa__ __33)everything th__ __34)could poss__ __ __ __35)be affe__ __ __ __36)by o__ __37)activities i__38)examined. Mar__ __ __39)biologists d__40)this scien__ __ __ __ __41)work. Ot__ __ __42)groups a__ __43)organizations a__ __44)also cons__ __ __ __ __45)and invo__ __ __ __46), for exa__ __ __ __47)local fish__ __ __ __ __48)and t__ __49)Royal Soc__ __ __ __50)for t__ __51)Protection o__52)Birds (RS__ __53)). At t__ __54)end o__55)this pro__ __ __ __56)an enviro__ __ __ __ __ __ __57)report i__58)produced. T__ __59)environmental rep__ __ __60)shows h__ __61)damage t__62)a site wi__ __63)be avo__ __ __ __64). This might mean that work is not carried out during: certain hours of the day when seabirds are feeding; certain months of the year because fishermen are catching lobsters; or at certain breeding or migrating seasons. Particular areas may be avoided entirely because there is some rare plant or animal life on the seabed.