General classification of ceramics.
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 461.
Types of ceramic products.
For convenience, ceramic products are usually divided into four sectors; these are shown below with some examples:
Structural, including bricks, pipes, floor and roof tiles.
Refractories, such as kiln linings, gas fire radiants, steel and glass making crucibles.
Whitewares, including tableware, wall tiles, pottery products and sanitary ware.
Technical, is also known as engineering, special. Such items include tiles used in the Space Shuttle program, gas burner nozzles, ballistic protection, nuclear fuel uranium oxide pellets, biomedical implants, coatings of jet engine turbine blades, missile nose cones, bearing (mechanical).
The general classifications of traditional ceramics are described below.
Pottery is sometimes used as a generic term for ceramics that contain clay and are not used for structural, technical, or refractory purposes.
Whiteware refers to ceramic ware that is white, ivory, or light gray in color after firing. Whiteware is further classified as earthenware, stoneware, chinaware, porcelain, and technical ceramics.
Earthenware is defined as glazed or unglazed nonvitreous (porous) clay-based ceramic ware. Applications for earthenware include artware, kitchenware, ovenware, tableware, and tile.
Stoneware is vitreous or semivitreous ceramic ware of fine texture. Applications for stoneware include artware, chemicalware, cookware, drainpipe, kitchenware, tableware, and tile.
Chinaware is vitreous ceramic ware of zero or low absorption after firing that are used for nontechnical applications. Applications for chinaware include artware, ovenware, sanitaryware, and tableware.
Porcelain is defined as glazed or unglazed vitreous ceramic ware used primarily for technical purposes. Applications for porcelain include artware, ball mill balls, ball mill liners, chemicalware, insulators, and tableware.
Technical ceramics include vitreous ceramic whiteware used for such products as electrical insulation, or for chemical, mechanical, structural, or thermal applications.
Ceramic products that are made from highly refined natural or synthetic compositions and designed to have special properties are referred to as advanced ceramics.
Advanced ceramics can be classified according to application as electrical, magnetic, optical, chemical, thermal, mechanical, biological, and nuclear.
Exercise 4. Put 10 questions to the text.
Exercise 5. Finish the following sentences according to the text:
1.A ceramic is an ... prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling.
2.Ceramic materials may have a … structure, or may be … .
3.The earliest ceramics were pottery objects made from … , either by itself or … , hardened in fire.
4.Later ceramics were glazed and fired to create a … .
5.Ñeramic products are usually divided into … .
Exercise 6. Look at the application base classification of ceramic materials and give your own examples.
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