Распределение расходов и рисков между продавцом и покупателем
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 428.
| Seller | Buyer |
| Provision of goods in conformity with the contract Предоставление товара в соответствии с договором | Payment of the price as provided in the contract of sale Оплата цены, предусмотренной договором купли-продажи. |
| Must obtain at his own risk and expense any export and import license or other official authorization Обязан за свой счёт и на свой риск получить любую экспортную и импортную лицензию или другое официальное разрешение (необходимое для экспорта или импорта, например, свидетельство о происхождении товара). | |
| Must render the buyer at the latter's request, risk and expense every assistance in obtaining any export and import license or other official authorization Обязан оказать по просьбе покупателя, за его счёт и на его риск полное содействие в получении любой экспортной и импортной лицензии или другого официального разрешения | Must reimburse all costs Обязан возместить все расходы; Must carry out where applicable all customs formalities Обязан выполнить, если потребуется, все таможенные формальности; Must pay all duties, taxes and charges – Обязан оплатить все пошлины, налоги и сборы. |
| Must bear all risks of loss or damage to the goods until such time as the goods have been delivered Обязан нести все риски потери или повреждения до тех пор, пока товар не будет доставлен. Must pay the costs of checking operations – Обязан оплатить расходы, связанные с регламентированной в договоре проверкой товаров (checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting – качества, измерений, массы, количества) (до предоставления товара в распоряжение покупателя). Provides packaging, required for the transport of the goods – Обеспечивает упаковку, необходимую для перевозки товара. | Pays the costs of any pre-shipment inspection Обязан оплатить расходы, связанные с предпогрузочным осмотром; inspection mandated by the authorities of the country of export – инспекцию, требуемую властями страны экспорта |
2. FCA, Free Carrier… (named place). Франко перевозчик…(указание места поставки).
The seller fulfils (выполняет) his obligation to deliver the goods(по поставке) when he has handed them over, cleared for export, into the charge (под ответственность) of the carrier at the named (agreed – в согласованном) place or point. The term FCA may be used for any mode of transport(вида транспорта), including multimodal transport. “Carrier” means any person who, in a contract of carriage, undertakes (берёт обязательство) to perform (осуществить) carriage by rail, road, sea, air, inland waterway (внутреннему водному пути) or by a combination of such modes.
| Seller | Buyer |
| May contract on usual terms for the carriage of the goods – Может на обычных условиях заключить договор перевозки. May decline to make the contract of carriage and if he does, must promptly notify the buyer – Может отказаться заключать договор перевозки, но в этом случае должен немедленно уведомить об этом покупателя . | Contracts at his own expense for the carriage of the goods. – Заключает за свой счёт договор перевозки. Must specify the mode of transport – Должен указать способ транспортировки; Date or period for delivering the goods Дату или срок поставки; Point within the place where the goods should be delivered to the carrier – Пункт в месте, где товар должен быть передан перевозчику. |
Варианты: FIW, free into wagon – франко-вагон (когда, например, количество проданного товара эквивалентно грузоподъёмности одного или нескольких железнодорожных вагонов); FOR, free on rail – франко-железнодорожная станция; FOT, free on truck – франко-грузовик; FP, free port – франко-порт; FT, free terminal – франко-терминал; FFB, free ferry berth – франко-терминал паромной переправы.
3. CPT, Carriage Paid To… (named place of destination). Перевозка оплачена до…(указание места назначения)
This term may be applied (применяться) to any mode of transport, including multimodal transportation. The seller delivers the goods cleared for export to the named point at the place of destination, so the seller contracts for the carriage of the goods. But the seller is considered(считается) to have fulfilled his obligations to deliver when he hands the goods over to the carrier and not when the goods reach the place of destination. The risks of loss or damage to the goods transfer from the seller to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier. The buyer accepts (принимает) the goods at the agreed place and provides (обеспечивает) if necessary storage (хранение) of the goods.
4. CIP, Carriage and Insurance Paid To… (named place of destination). Перевозка и страхование оплачены до… (указание места назначения).
According to this term the seller and the buyer bear the same responsibilities as the term CPT suggests, but here the seller also takes out insurance against the buyer's risk of loss or damage to the goods.
5. DAT, Delivered at Terminal… (named terminal at port or place of destination)
Поставка на терминале… (указание терминала в порту или в месте назначения)
The seller delivers when the goods, unloaded from the arriving means of transport, are placed at the disposal of the buyer at a named terminal at the named port or place of destination. “Terminal” includes any place, whether covered or not, such as a quay, warehouse, container yard or road, rail or air cargo terminal. The seller bears all risks and costs involved in bringing the goods to and unloading them at the terminal at the named port or place of destination (e.g. costs connected with terminal handling charges – THC – сбор за терминальную обработку грузов; container / port service charges – CSC –сбор за терминальную обработку контейнеров).The seller undertakes to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.
6. DAP , Delivered at Place…(named place of destination)
Поставка в месте назначения… (указание места назначения)
The seller delivers when the goods areplaced at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transportready for unloading at the named place of destination. The seller bearsall risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place. The seller undertakes to clear the goods for export, where applicable.However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import,pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.
7. DDP, Delivered Duty Paid…(named place of destination). Поставка с оплатой пошлин ( указание места назначения).
The seller bears all costs and risks, connected with transportation of the cargo up to the named place. The seller also pays all duties, charges and taxes, referred to (относящиеся к) import clearance of the goods. The term may be used for any mode of transport, including multimodal transportation.
8. FAS, Free Alongside Ship …(named port of shipment). Свободно вдоль борта судна… (указание порта отгрузки).
The goods are placed/available/provided/delivered/handed over to the buyer alongside the ship at the named/agreed port of shipment. The buyer takes the goods into charge. He must specify the ship, date or period for delivering the goods and point within the port where the goods should be delivered to the carrier. The seller obtains (получает) export license or other official authorization. The goods must be cleared for export. The buyer must obtain import license, carry out where applicable all customs formalities, pay all duties, taxes and charges. He pays the costs of any pre-shipment inspection if necessary, and contracts at his own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named port of shipment.
9. FOB, Free On Board… (named port of shipment). Свободно на борту… (указание порта отгрузки)
The seller is considered to have fulfilled his obligations as the goods cleared for export are placed on board the ship in the named port of shipment. The risks of loss of or damage to the goods pass when the goods are on board the vessel, and the buyer bears all costs from that moment onwards. The buyer must obtain at his own risk and expense import license or other official authorization, carry out where applicable all customs formalities, pay all duties, taxes and charges. He must contract at his own expense for the carriage of the goods. He must specify the name of ship, date or period of delivery, point within the port where the goods should be delivered to the carrier.
Варианты условия, применяемые при возложении на продавца комплекса погрузочных операций после того, как товар окажется на борту судна :
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| The seller places the goods at the disposal of the buyer. – Продавец передаёт товар в распоряжение покупателя | | | FOB liner terms – FOB линейные условия. |