Dumping garbage at sea from scows

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 537.

Unit 4

To repair the ecological damage

Types of man-made disasters

industrial disaster

chemical effluent

chemical toxic spill

dam accident

explosion in a plant (a power station)

factory emission

fire

gas / (crude) oil explosion

mining accident

oil slick

oil spill

power outrage (blackout)

structural collapse

of a bridge or a building

disaster connected with radiation

nuclear explosion

meltdown

radiation leak

radioactive contamination

disaster connected with dumping hazardous materials

ocean dumping

infrastructural disaster

accident in the tunnel

human stampede

transport accident

plane crash / fire / crash-landing / emergency landing

sea / river vessel sinking

spaceship explosion

train derailing

Description of made-made disasters

industrial disaster

a toxic cloud of dioxin

chaotic scene of towering flames

a million cubic metres poured out

caustic waste

dumb holding a reservoir burst

encased in a black cloud

gas toxins

ground-rattling explosion

nitrogen oxides

odd seepage leaking

pollution laden air

smell enveloped the area

soot

sulfur dioxide

to blow up oil wells

to ignite a blaze

to leak methyl isocyanate

to release sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere

to set ablaze

toxic industrial waste

toxic sludge

workers scrambling over gates

structural collapse

like a set of falling dominoes

sections of a major bridge

disaster connected with radiation

a major meltdown

a partial core meltdown

boiling water reactor

control rods

coping time

critical pump

emergency generators came online

hot zirconium fuel cladding-water reaction

hydrogen-air chemical explosion

normal high radioactive decay heat

overheated core

power lost to the cooling system

release of radioactive material

to be in cold shutdown

to circulate coolant water through the reactor

to control the fuel decay heat

to keep from melting

to measure Level 7 on the International Nuclear Event Scale

to power coolant systems

to reach explosive concentration limits

to vent out

Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO)

upper secondary containment building

working containment system

transport accident

driverless train derailed

fire engulfing cars

pressurized tanker-cars blew up

the train came off the rails

to abort the landing

to collide with reef

to explode into enduring fireball

to fly far too slowly / quickly

to gun the engine

to reach the runway

to sending flames hundreds of feet into the air

Aftermaths

accumulated radiation exposures

affected by skin disease

children with birth defects

chloracne

death toll

devastation

far reaching consequences

gas-related diseases

increase of cancer sufferers

inhaling its dust can cause lung cancer

livestock deaths

people reported missing

premature deaths

residents terrified

sandstorms

survivors burnt to bone

to be exposed to poisonous spill

to cause respiratory problems

to create acid rains

to destroy crops

to have miscarriages

to have negative consequences

to have serious eye injuries

to kill plant life

to pollute the coastline

to rally call for fears about the nuclear power industry

Preventative measures / Precautions

evacuation

international agreements

safety drills

stricter laws

to close doors and windows

to cover food and water

to evacuate people

to listen to government announcements

to locate chemical and other dangerous industries away from settlements

to maintain pollution monitoring

to maintaining extremely high standards at nuclear power stations

to train emergency rescue teams

to turn off all taps

to turn off gas

dumping in the oceans

gigantic, swirling garbage patches

groundwater

herbicide

industrial discharge

introduction of harmful contaminants

nitrates

nitrogen-rich fertilizers

noise pollution

on the brink of collapse

pesticide

plastics

radioactive traces

runoff from farms and coastal cities

sewage

solids

the Pacific Trash Vortex

to corral trillions of decomposing plastic items

to deposit contaminants in estuaries, bays, and deltas

to disrupt the migration, communication, hunting, and reproduction patterns

to dump into the oceans from land or by ships

to ensnare (about fishing nets)

to forbid dumping of harmful materials into the ocean

to harm marine creatures

to litter coastlines

to maintain pristine ocean ecosystems

to mistake the trash for food

to pollute ground water

to restore estuaries and bays

to rob the water of oxygen

to spawn massive blooms of algae

underground storage leakages

Land pollution

by-products of massive industrialization

denudation of soil

derelict

derelict land

dispersing them over the surface

drainage waters

dumping waste materials

erosion

erosion

industrial wastes

insufficient vegetation to hold soil in place

land pollution

lead

mercury

minerals and medicines

overexploit

rills (runoff channels)

scarred tableau

sheet-and-rill erosion

solvents and cleaners

storing radioactive wastes

to displace soil

use of agrochemicals

washed away soil

Air pollution

asthma

benzene

bio-diesel

carbon monoxide (CO)

combustion of sulfur-containing fossil fuels (coal)

combustion products

condensation

diesel

dust

emission of CFCs

filter out

forest fires/burning wood/leaves, firewood

gasoline

haze

hybrid car

irritant

low-emission engines

low-sulfur fuels

micron

MPC (maximum permitted concentration)

particulates (PM 10 and PM 2.5)

photochemical reactions resulting from the action of sunlight

pollen

release of particulates into atmosphere

re-suspended dusts

smog reaction

smoke

solid waste disposal

sulfur dioxide (SO2)

to curb air pollution

to die from air-pollution-related diseases

to increase rates of air pollution

to penetrate

toxin

traffic emissions (petrol and diesel-engined motor vehicles)

upper respiratory organs

volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

Curbing Air Pollution

to build sustainable communities

to curb for dangerous chemicals

to dig fallen leaves in autumn

to install particulates/gas trappers on factory chimneys

to phasing out CFCs

to practice energy preserving technologies,

to recycle

to use “green” cars on hydrogen

to use alternative (solar, wind, water) power sources (renewables)

to use alternative power cars

to use biological filters

The Kyoto (Doha) Protocol

culprits for emissions

Doha amendment to the Kyoto protocol

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆)

to be assigned higher or lower targets

to commit to cut emissions

to continue with emissions above the targets

to denounce the convention

to engage in emissions trading

to exceed one's their reduction targets

to outsource carbon emissions to other countries

to overtake the USA in emissions

UNFCCC, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Waste

Solid waste (refuse, garbage)