Classical organization theory – main representatives and basic scientific points.

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 589.

Organizational theory is the study of organizations for the benefit of identifying common themes for the purpose of solving problems, maximizing efficiency and productivity, and meeting the needs of stakeholders. Organizational theory contains three subtopics: classical perspective, neoclassic perspective and environmental perspective. It complements the studies of organizational behavior and human resource studies.

The main representatives are F. Taylor, A. Fayolya and the famous German sociologist, historian and economist Max Weber (1864-1920) was laid the Foundation of the so-called «classical» theory of organizations.

Representatives of the classical theory of organizations sought to formulate universal rational principles of formation and functioning of an effective administrative organization. The common feature of the various development acted description of business relations in the effective organization as rationally constructed, standardized, maximum formalized, as well as an understanding of the organization, as a tool rationally constructed to achieve a certain goal.

Basic principles:

1) the Main law of this theory is the «principle of coordination.» It obliges officials to coordinate the functions of both horizontally and vertically.

2) the Scalar principle (from lat. Scalaris - stage) means the necessity of constructing a hierarchical organizations.

3) the Function assumes that the job responsibilities at each level of management should be defined in as detailed a manner as possible.

4) Fayol's principle of order, it assumes compliance with people structure. This method assumes that if there was a good specialist, and then under it, you can create a Department, a laboratory, etc.

5) the Principle of unity of command in the «classical» theory meant administrative responsibility of one person, or, in other words, the prohibition of one man to obey immediately the two executives.

6) the Principle of department requires to build the organization of a «bottom-up», carefully considering the need to create new divisions.

7) the Principle of the range of control requires that the Director of a large enterprise, should not have more than 3-6 subordinates. There are now more accurate figures: during physical work - 30, with mind - not more than 8 people.

8) the Principle of conformity declares at all levels of equality of authority and responsibility.