Integration processes in Europe: Customs union – 1946, EOUST-1952, Evrat - 1957. Roman Agreements and EEC creation

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 639.

Theme 11. Trade and economic cooperation in Europe

1. Integration processes in Europe: Customs union – 1946, EOUST-1952, Euroatom - 1957. Roman Agreements and EEC creation.

2. Maastricht agreement and EU creation. European Free Trade Association (EFTA).

3. Foreign trade of countries of Western Europe.

4. Country and commodity structure of international trade in EU. Foreign trade in EU. Foreign trade of the countries which haven't entered EU.

The European Union (the official name, in abbreviated form - EU) – political and economic integration association of 27 countries of Europe: Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Great Britain, Denmark, Ireland, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Finland, Sweden, Hungary, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Bulgaria and Romania.

The European Union (EU) is an economic and political federation consisting of twenty-seven member countries that make common policy in several areas. The EU was created in 1993 with the signing of the Treaty on European Union, commonly referred to as the Maastricht Treaty, but it was preceded by various European organizations that contributed to the development of the EU. The EU represents the latest and most successful in a series of efforts to unify Europe, including many attempts to achieve unity through force of arms, such as those seen in the campaigns of Napoleon Bonaparte and World War II.

EU is under construction on the basis of the European community's: The European economic community and European Atomic Energy Community (are based in 1957).

The European association of coal and steel (EU creation began with it in 1951) stopped on June 23, 2002 the existence in connection with the expiration of the Contract on its creation, signed on 50 years and not lasting the parties as rates of development of the European community's made EOUS existence irrelevant.

Main goals of the Union and its power are defined by the Uniform European act (1987), Maastricht (1992), Amsterdam (1999) and Nizzsky (2001) contracts.

On October 29, 2004 in Rome there took place ceremony of signing of the Constitution which acceptance will require its ratification by all EU member states, urged to replace the Roman, Maastricht, Amsterdam and Nizzsky contracts (with the appendix of insignificant number of additional protocols). In it offers on new institutional structure of the European Union and its functioning are brought together. Thereby basic legal documents of EU will be significantly simplified.

Creation of the uniform market for more, than 455 million Europeans provides freedom of movement of people, goods, services and the capital.

In the European Union the uniform policy in such areas, as agriculture, telecommunications, transport, power and environmental protection is developed. The Union develops foreign trade and commercial policy for the relations with the outside world and starts playing more and more important role on the international scene by carrying out uniform foreign policy and a security policy.

The idea of creation of united Europe repeatedly moved forward in the past, especially in connection with the bloody conflicts in the history of the European continent. The first projects of association of Europe belong to the XIII-XV centuries and belong to the French royal prosecutor P. du Buyu and the Czech king Y. Podebrad. Similar projects were offered by U.Penn's British and J. Beller, French Sh. de Saint-Pierre and V. Hugo, great German philosopher I.Kant and many others. In the XX century during the intermilitary period the evropeizm associates, first of all, with a name of the Austrian count of the River Kudenkhove-Kalergi, the author of the book "Ban Europe" and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of France A.Brian. But attempts of association of Europe at that time didn't bring success. It began for prevention of war and cooperation of the European people after World War II.

The European Union is a geo-political entity covering a large portion of the European continent. It is founded upon numerous treaties and has undergone expansions that have taken it from 6 member states to 27, a majority of states in Europe.

As distinct from ideas of federation, confederation or customs union the main development in Europe depends on a supranational foundation to make war unthinkable and materially impossible and reinforce democracy enunciated by Robert Schuman and other leaders in the Europe Declaration. The principle was at the heart of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in the Treaty of Paris (1951), following the "Schuman Declaration" and the later the Treaties of Rome establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC). Both the ECSC and EEC were later incorporated into the European Union while the EAEC maintains a distinct legal identity despite sharing members and institutions.