Past Simple Tense

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 628.

¨ يستخدم الماضي البسيط :

1- للتعبير عن حدث انتهي في وقت معين في الماضي:

· I visited my aunt last week. · The ancient Egyptians invented a way of writing.

2- للتعبير عن موقف أو عادة في الماضي:

· When I was on holiday, I went to the sea every day.

§ يستخدم الماضي البسيط غالبا مع كلمات مثل:

last (year, night, week, month / summer) / ago / yesterday / in ancient times / once upon a time / the other day, year (= a few days, years ago)/ in 2000 / in the past

· How much bread did you buy yesterday? (في حالة السؤال – لاحظ الفعل في المصدر)

· I didn't know him then. (في حالة النفي)

¨ الماضي البسيط في المبني للمجهول :

Was / were + PP

He wrote the letter a few days ago. The letter was written a few days ago.

Used to + inf. تستخدم هذه الصيغة للتعبير عن الماضي: ¨

§I used to playtennis,but now I play football.

¨وفي حالة النفي :

Didn't use to + inf.§ He didn't use to smoke, but now he does.

¨ وفي حالة السؤال :

Did + فاعل + use to + inf. ..?§Did she use to cry a lot when she was a baby?

¨تستخدم هذه الصيغة للتعبير عن المضارع:

am / is / are used to + -ing

§ He is used to having a cup of coffee every morning.

= He usually has a cup of coffee every morning.

¨وفي حالة السؤال:

Am / Is / Are + فاعل + used to + V-ing. ..?

§Is she used to living on her own?

¨تستخدم no longer بدلا من used to ويأتي بعدها الفعل في الضارع البسيط:

¨ تستخدم any more / any longer بدلا من used to مع نفى الفعل في المضارع البسيط و تأتى في نهاية الجملة:

§ He used to stay up late. = He no longer stays up late.

§ He used to live here. = He doesn't live here any more.

§ He is used to the cold weather.

¨لاحظ في الجملة السابقة أنه يمكن استخدام اسم أو ضمير بعد :be used to

¨لاحظ أنbe used to تأتى بمعني " يستخدم لكي " ويليها inf.:

§ Water is used to generate electricity.

¨لاحظ أن:

am / is / are used to + -ing = am / is / are in the habit of + ing

§ He is in the habit of borrowing money from others.

= He is used to borrowing money from others.

used to + inf. = was / were in the habit of + ing

§ She used to sleepin class.. = She was in the habit of sleeping in class.

Past Continuous Tense الماضي المستمر

Was / Were + V-ing يتكون من

¨ يستخدم الماضي المستمر past continuous :

1- للتعبير عن حدث كان مستمر أثناء وقت معين في الماضي :

· Between seven and half past seven this morning, I was reading the newspaper.

2- للتعبير عن حدث مستمر في الماضي قطعه حدث آخر :

· I was having a shower when the phone rang.

§ يستخدم الماضي المستمر غالبا مع كلمات مثل: While / when / As / Just as

· While (When) we were doing the homework, it started to rain.

§ لاحظ أن when يمكن أن يأتي بعدها ماضي بسيط :

· We were doing the homework when the storm started.

§ يمكن أن يكون الحدثين مع while في الماضي المستمر :

· While I was studying, my father was reading.

§يمكن أن يكون الحدثين مع when في الماضي البسيط :

· When he arrived , he found the door locked.

§ يمكن استخدام On بدلا من when و يأتي يعدها : V+ ing

· When he arrived , he found the door locked. = On arriving, he found the door locked.

§ يمكن استخدام during بدلا من while و يأتي يعدها noun / V+ ing :

· While he was playing the game, he got hurt. (during)

·During the game, he got hurt. · He got hurt during the game.

§ الفعل بعد and يأخذ نفس شكل الفعل الذي يسبقها:

· He was writing a letter and listening to some music.

· She has finished work and gone home.

§ لاحظ عدم استخدام to Be في الماضي المستمر:

·While I was at school, I worked to a plan.

¨ الماضي المستمر في المبني للمجهول :

Was / were being + PP

·He was writing the letter. ·The letter was being written.