Would / should / ought / had better / might / used to / could

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 452.

¨ He said, “I used to clean my room every day.”

¨ He said he used to clean his room every day.

§ لا تتغير الأزمنة إذا كان فعل say(s) في المضارع:

¨ She says, “I live in a small flat in Cairo.”

She says she lives in a small flat in Cairo.

§لا تتغير الأزمنة إذا كانت الجملة تعبر عن حقيقة:

¨ She said, “ Metals expand when they are heated".

She said that metals expand when they are heated.

§لا تتغير الأزمنة إذا كانت الجملة قيلت منذ فترة وجيزة:

¨ He said just now, “I have already seen the film.”

He said just now he has already seen the film.

§في حالة وجود if يتغير الزمن في الحالة الأولى فقط:

¨ He said, “If it rains, I'll stay at home.”

He said if it rained, he would stay at home.

§في حالة وجود جملتين نستخدم and that أو and added that:

¨ He said to me, “ I didn't post the letter. I'll ask John to post it for me.”

He told me he hadn't posted the letter and that he would ask John to post it for him.

§يمكن استخدام الأفعال الآتية بدلا من said to عند نقل الجملة إلى غير المباشر ويأتي بعدها v+ing:

suggest / admit / deny / apologize for/objected to/insisted on + (v-ing)

¨ He said, “ Let's watch the news on TV.”

He suggested watching the news on TV.

§ بعد deny / admit يمكن تحويل الجملة بالطريقة العادية:

¨ He said, “ I didn't see the accident.”

He denied seeing the accident.

He denied that he had seen the accident.

§يمكن استخدام الأفعال الآتية بدلا من said to عند تحويل الجملة إلى غير المباشر ويأتي بعدها to + inf.:

promised/offered /agreed/threatened/advised/refused/reminded/decided/ +(to+inf.)

¨ He said, “ I'll lend you the money you need.”

He promised to lend me the money I needed.

He promised that he would lend me the money I needed.

¨ He said to me , “ You ought to do your job well.”

He advised me to do my job well.

§لاحظ أن أسلوب التعجب في غير المباشر يتحول إلي جملة عادية تبدأ بـ It was..:

¨ He said, “ How terrible!”

He said that it was terrible.