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Reported Speech: Statements


Date: 2015-10-07; view: 559.


Direct Indirect Direct Indirect
say say say to tell
says says says to tells
said said said to told

§تحذف inverted commas و يمكن استخدام that أو تحذف.

§ تتغير الأزمنة من مضارع إلى ماضي و من ماضي إلى ماضي تام كما يلي:

Direct Indirect Direct Indirect
write / writes wrote will would
wrote had written shall would
is / are writing was / were writing may might
have / has written had written can could
has / have been writing had been writing must had to
was / were writing had been writing    

§ هناك كلمات معينة تتغير في غير المباشر كما يلي:

Direct Indirect Direct Indirect
now then tonight that night
this that tomorrow the next day
these those yesterday the day before / the previous day
here there today that day
(two days) ago (two days)before / earlier yet by then
last week the week before / the previous week next week the following week
the day before yesterday two days before the day after tomorrow in two days' time
tomorrow morning the next morning this afternoon that afternoon
next Friday the following Friday    

§ لاحظ تغيير الضمائر:

¨ She said, “I shall pay my debts tomorrow.”

She said she would pay her debts the next day.

¨ He said to me, “I sent the letter two days ago.”

He told me he had sentthe lettertwo days before / two days earlier.

 

¨ He said to me, "I didn't see the robbers last night."

He told me he hadn't seenthe robbers the night before / the previous night.

§ يمكن استخدام الأفعال الآتية بدلا من said:

claimed ادعي/ complained / mentioned ذكر / indicated أوضح / asserted أكد / agreed / reported / explained / agreed

¨ He said, “The service in this restaurant is not good.”

He complained that the service in that restaurant was not good.

¨ He said, “I won't tell anyone what you said.”

He agreed he wouldn't tell anyone what I had said.

 

§ الأفعال الآتية لا تتغير في غير المباشر:


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Language Notes | Would / should / ought / had better / might / used to / could
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