Must, need
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 499.
May
Can
Convey the strength of this attitude
As necessary, advisable, permissible or probable and
Modal verbs express speaker's attitude to an action
MODAL VERBS
Step 2. Grammar Practice
Step 1. Read the dialogues
Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
Grammar Target: Modal Verbs
Lesson 1 Focus on Language
UNIT 4. Sports in Great Britain and the USA
Ex. 7 Write a report on scientific problem touched in the text.
Ex. 6 Make up a list of key words and summarise the text.
Ex. 5 Translate in written form the passage “Encryption functions must be undone, for any one-way function f ” into Ukrainian using your active vocabulary.
1. Can I have breakfast in my room?
No problem. You can order it by phone.
2. Bob is very athletic, he can swim, ride and play basketball.
It's great! Can he dive?
Unfortunately he can't.
3. May I take this bicycle?
No, you mustn't. It's Bob's. He is going to take part in the cycling competition tomorrow.
4. We want to play football, Mother. Do you think it's going to rain?
Well, it may rain, there are clouds in the sky. But the sun may come out and clear them away.
5. Tom, you are putting on weight. You may lose your physical condition.
I know that. What can I do?
You should exercise every day and go on a diet. And by all means you should see a doctor
about this problem.
Ex. 1. Mind different meanings of can, could, to be able( to). Translate the sentences:
1. I can speak and write English.
2. We can't lift this heavy box.
3. Mike could ski and skate well before he was 10.
4. The team is well-prepared. They will be able to take part in the coming championship.
6. John had hurt his leg and wasn't able to walk.
7. Can it be John?- It can't be John. He is at the University now.
8. Andrew is in top physical form, he can win the race.
9. What shall we do this evening? – We could go to the football match.
10. Can I join your sports club? – Yes, of course you can.
11. Can I use your skis? – No, I'm afraid, you can't
Ex.2.a. Ask and answer as in the model:
Model: Ann can play tennis very well /basketball.
Can she really play tennis very well?
No, she can't play tennis very well.
She can play basketball very well.
1. Peter can swim very well /run.
2. Our students can play golf and cricket /football and volleyball.
3. Marry can participate in the swimming race /skiing race.
4. My grandpa could speak five languages /only English and French.
5. He can run 100 metres in 11 seconds /12 seconds.
6. I can drive home in half an hour /an hour.
7. Helen could play tennis very well at the age of 10 /12.
b. Tell truthfully what you can and can't do:
Model: I can swim but he can't dive.
1. run sprint/ run marathon 7._____________________
2. write poems/write music 8._____________________
3. ___________________ 9._____________________
4. ___________________ 10.____________________
5. ___________________
6. ___________________
c. These are sports recommended for different age-groups. Look through the list and say
at what age children can practise these sports,
at what age you could practise these sports:
Model: Children can practise basketball at the age of 13.
I could practise basketball at the age of 10.
Prompts: 3-year olds/skiing;
4-year olds/cycling;
5-year olds/ swimming;
6-year olds/ skateboarding, roller- skating;
7-year olds/tennis, table-tennis, badminton;
8-year olds/ fencing, diving, ice-hockey, football;
9-year olds/judo, archery;
10-year olds/ boxing, water skiing, athletics;
11-year olds/ skating, surfing;
12-year olds/ rowing;
13-year olds/ volleyball, water polo, basketball;
14-year olds/martial arts, American football;
15-year olds/weightlifting;
16-year olds/sailing.
Ex.3. Complete the phrases in column A with suitable information in column B.
Translate the sentences:
A B
1. Richard is very athletic 1. you could get a better job.
2. These exercises are rather difficult 2. I was able to beat my brother yesterday .
3. When I was younger 3. he could not throw or kick the ball properly.
4. If you work quickly 4. No, thank you. I can manage.
5. I'm no good at tennis, but 5. he can win the swimming race.
6. Helen has performed well this 6.we won't be able to do them quickly.
season.
7. In childhood he was bad at sports 7.I could run much faster.
8. If you learn English 8.you will be able to finish on time.
9. Can I help you? 9. he can play golf and cricket very well.
10. Bob has trained much 10.she could win the World Cup.
Ex. 4. Choose can (could),to be able( to) (or negative forms). Sometimes two forms are possible:
1. In Great Britain only rich people….afford (ïîçâîëèòü ñåáå) to play golf.
2. Ann….take part in the competition because of her injured knee (èç-çà òðàâìû êîëåíà)
3. I had some free time yesterday so I …. go skiing.
4. Physical exercises…. make your life more active.
5. Jack was an excellent tennis player. He….beat anybody.
6. When Bob was 16 he was a fast runner, he … run 100 metres in 11 seconds.
7. I doubt (ñîìíåâàþñü) that he…. play football again, his injuries are so severe.
8. Anybody who wants to play basketball properly….join the sports club.
9. When she was the manager of the company she … take holidays twice a year.
10. Cricket games are very long, some of them…. last for several days.
Ex. 5. Mind different meanings of may, might, to be allowed( to). Translate the sentences:
1. May I use your car ? – I am afraid you may not.
2. May I come in? – Certainly, please, do.
3. May I participate in the school skiing race?-
I am afraid you won't be allowed because of your injury.
4. If you want to play tennis you may join a tennis club or hire a public court.
5. Where is Bob? – He may be at the training session.
6. Be careful. It is very icy. You may slip.
7. What are you doing this weekend? – I haven't decided yet. – We might go to the fitness club.
8. Alex missed his training practice for the first time. – He might be ill.
Ex.6. Ask if you may do the following:
Model: (smoke here)
May I smoke here?
Yes, you may (Please, do)
Sorry, you may not.
No, you mustn't.
Prompts:
1. I'm sorry. I'm late (come in)
2. ( go home) I feel bad
3. (train in the gym)
4. (miss tomorrow's training practice.)
5. Mike, (borrow your skis)..
6. Ann, (take your tennis racket).
7. I've got some interesting information (speak to the coach).
8. (play football) with your team next Sunday.
9. (join your sports club).
10. (ask) you a few questions now. I'm sorry, I missed part of your lecture.
Ex. 7. Say in a different way, using may or might:
Model: Perhaps the coach is in the gym
He may/might be in the gym.
1. Perhaps the Dean is very busy.
2. Perhaps the students are at the stadium.
3. Perhaps Mike is playing basketball.
4. Perhaps they are training for the World Cup.
5. She looks familiar to me. Perhaps she is an Olympic champion.
6. Perhaps she will join your sports club.
7. Perhaps he will win the race.
8. Perhaps it will rain today.
Ex. 8. Put the following sentences into:
a) the Past Simple (Indefinite) Tense;
b) the Future Simple (Indefinite)Tense
Model: She may stay with us for the week-end.
She was allowed to stay with us for the week-end.
She will be allowed to stay with us for the week-end.
1. You may practse in the gym any time you like.
2. Athletes may not miss training practices.
3. Students may use the University sports facilities free of charge.
4. Students of higher educational establishments may attend physical training lessons or may join sports clubs.
5. Children may not play in the streets.
6. People may hire public courts to play tennis.
7. Tourists may not take photos in the cathedral
8. Any student may take an exam or make a report on the subject.
Ex. 9. Mind the difference in using mustn't and needn't. Translate the sentences:
Bob: We are going to attend a ski-jumping competition in Raubichi. It begins at 12. Will you come?
Tom: I'd like to come, but I have an appointment at 10. Must I come at 12 sharp?
Bob: No, you needn't come at 12, but you mustn't be too late or you may miss
the best jumps.
Ex. 10. Which of these actions an athlete must, mustn't or needn't do to keep fit,
achieve success and be the best in sports:
Model: An athlete must train regularly
An athlete must give up smoking.
Athletes mustn't miss training sessions.
needn't eat healthy food.
eat junk food.
have regular physical check up.
go to bed late.
speak foreign languages.
drink strong tea or coffee.
train at late hours.
Ex. 11. Complete the phrases in column A with suitable information in column B.
Translate the sentences:
1. Ann must work hard 1. to be admitted to the University.
2. You mustn't drink alcohol 2. to ensure physical education.
3. Our students needn't pay 3. No, you needn't.
4. Our applicants must pass sports 4. to pass her exam successfully.
proficiency tests successfully
5. All schools must have playing 5. to demonstrate excellent performance
fields, gyms and sports grounds
6. Must we attend training practices 6. to be in good physical condition.
every day?
7. Athletes must follow their 7. when you drive.
coaches' instructions
8. You needn't overeat 8. to use a library and sports facilities.
Ex. 12. Choose must, mustn't or needn't:
1. You…..play football in the street.
2. You…. train hard to be a success in sport.
3. All men aged between 18 and 40 in Belarus… take up military and physical training.
4. You… train much before the competition. You'd better have a rest.
5. Athletes …attend their training sessions regularly to be in good physical condition.
6. The students of the University…keep off smoking to become top-class athletes.
7. They… do all the exercises, it will be enough if they do four of them.
8. You… sit there in your wet clothes, you'll catch cold if you do.
9. You… eat healthy food to keep fit.
10. If you want to achieve success and be the best in your sport event you… study your opponents.
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