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Unit 3. GlaciationsDate: 2015-10-07; view: 575. Study the list of vocabulary and pronounce the words after the teacher: Vocabulary:
glaciation [‚gleisi'ei∫(ə)n] – (êîíòèíåíòàëüíîå) îëåäåíåíèå twilight ['twailait] – ïåðèîä çàêàòà to retreat [tə ri'tri:t] – îòñòóïàòü trace [treis] – ñëåä, îòïå÷àòîê jagged ['dჳægit] – íåðîâíî îòîðâàííûé, çóá÷àòûé gouged-out [gaudჳd aut] – âûäàâëåííûé, âûáèòûé upland valley ['ëplənd 'væli] – ãîðíàÿ äîëèíà swamp [swɔmp] – áîëîòî, òîïü, òðÿñèíà changed river courses – èçìåí¸ííûå ðóñëà ðåê boulder-strewn ['bəuldə stru:n] – ðàçáðîñàííûå ãëûáû/ ìàññà, ïîêðûòûé ãëûáàìè/ ìàññîé çåìëè table-flat prairies ['pre(ə)riz] – ðîâíûå ïðåðèè/ ñòåïè to exceed [tə ik'si:d] – ïðåâûøàòü to melt [tə melt] – òàÿòü boundary ['baund(ə)ri] – ãðàíèöà, ïðåäåë height [hait] – âûñîòà to vary [tə 've(ə)ri] – ìåíÿòü, èçìåíÿòü latitude ['lætitju:d] – øèðîòà to bury [tə 'beri] – õîðîíèòü, ïîãðåáàòü to recrystallize – ïåðåêðèñòàëëèçèðîâàòü(ñÿ) to acquire [tə ə'kwaiə] – ïðèîáðåñòè; îáíàðóæèòü è ñîïðîâîæäàòü îáúåêò (ðàäàðîì è ò. ï.) boulder ['bəuldə] – âàëóí, ãëûáà, ìàññà sole [səul] – ãåîë. ïîäîøâà; åäèíñòâåííûé, èñêëþ÷èòåëüíûé to gouge [tə gaudჳ] – âûäàëáëèâàòü, âûäàâëèâàòü to rasp [tə ra:sp] – ñêðåñòè, ñêîáëèòü to pass [tə pa:s] – ïðîõîäèòü ìèìî to abrade down [tə ə'breid] – ñòèðàòü, ñíàøèâàòü òðåíèåì smooth [smu:ð] – ãëàäêèé, ðîâíûé fluted ['flu:tid] – ðèôë¸íûé, âîëíèñòûé grooved [gru:vd] – ïîêðûòûé ñëåäàìè ïîòîêîâ/ ðó÷ü¸â, ðèôë¸íûé thaw [θɔ:] – îòòåïåëü to seep [tə si:p] – ïðîñà÷èâàòüñÿ, ïðîòåêàòü fissure ['fi∫ə] – òðåùèíà to joint [tə dჳɔint] – îáúåäèíèòü(ñÿ), ñîåäèíèòü(ñÿ) to shatter [tə '∫ætə] – ðàçáèòü âäðåáåçãè, ðàñêîëîòü, ðàçäðîáèòü avalanche ['ævela:n∫] – ëàâèíà, ñíåæíûé îáâàë downcutting – óãëóáëåíèå, âðåçàíèå side – ñòîðîíà debris ['deibri] – îñêîëêè, îáëîìêè to display [tə dis'plei] – ïîêàçûâàòü striation [strai'ei∫(ə)n] – ãåîë. ïîëîñû ñêîëüæåíèÿ to polish [tə 'pɔli∫] – ïîëèðîâàòü, øëèôîâàòü effect [i'fekt] – ðåçóëüòàò, ñëåäñòâèå longitudinal section [‚lɔndჳi'tju:d(ə)nəl 'sek∫(ə)n] – ïðîäîëüíûé ðàçðåç bedrock ['bedrɔk] – ãåîë. êîðåííàÿ ïîäñòèëàþùàÿ ïîðîäà, áåäðîê brittle ['britl] – õðóïêèé, ëîìêèé bend – ñãèá, èçãèá, êðèâèçíà, ïîâîðîò, íàêëîí shear [∫iə] – ãîðí. âåðòèêàëüíûé âðóá (â çàáîå) to glide [tə glaid] – ñêîëüçèòü, ïëàâíî äâèãàòüñÿ to modify – èçìåíÿòü interlocking pattern – âçàèìîñâÿçàííàÿ ñèñòåìà meandering river erosion [mi'ænd(ə)riŋ 'rivə i'rəuჳ(ə)n] – ðàçðóøåíèå èçâèëèñòîãî ðóñëà ðåêè to straighten [tə 'streitn] – âûïðÿìëÿòü(ñÿ), ðàñïðàâëÿòü to truncate [tə 'trëŋkeit] – îòñåêàòü âåðõóøêó, îáðåçàòü truncate ['trëŋkeit] – óñå÷¸ííûé, îáðåçàííûé tributary – ïðèòîê ðåêè horn [hɔ:n] – îñòðûé êîíåö, âûñòóï arête [ə're(i)t] – ôð. îñòðûé ãðåáåíü ãîðû cirque [sə:k] – ãåîë. ëåäíèê â ãîðàõ, âîðîíêîîáðàçíûé ïðîâàë sharp [∫a:p] – îñòðûé, ðåçêèé pyramidal ['pirəmidl] – ïèðàìèäàëüíûé, èìåþùèé ôîðìó ïèðàìèäû headward ['hedwəd] – íàïðàâëåííûé ââåðõ ê ãîëîâå/ ê èñòîêàì è ò. ï. to intersect [tə ‚intə'sekt] – ïåðåñåêàòü, ïðîõîäèòü ÷åðåç ridge [ridჳ] – ãîðíûé êðÿæ, õðåáåò, ãðÿäà ãîð to tend – èìåòü òåíäåíöèþ shield [∫i:ld] – ïðîõîä÷åñêèé ùèò bowl-shaped [bəul ∫eipt] – â ôîðìå ÷àøè tarn [ta:n] – ãåîë. êàðîâîå îçåðî to trickle [tə 'trikl] – ñî÷èòüñÿ, êàïàòü rough [rëf] – ãðóáûé uneven ['ën'i:v(ə)n] – íåðîâíûé edge [edჳ] – êðàé keen [ki:n] – îñòðûé interlock [‚intə(:)'lɔk] – ñîåäèíÿòüñÿ, ñêðåïëÿòüñÿ, ñìûêàòüñÿ; òåõ. áëîêèðîâàòü
Exercise 1. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right: Nouns: 1. thaw a. the end of something; the period of sunset 2. swamp b. regions considered in relation to their distance from the equator 3. trace c. small mountain lake 4. avalanche d. watery area of land; bog 5. tarn e. mass of snow or ice falling down 6. latitude f. large rounded rock 7. twilight g. weather causing snow and ice to melt 8. boulder h. mark on the ground left by something Verbs: 1. to seep a. to break into pieces 2. to gouge b. to move back 3. to retreat c. to meet and cross; to divide by passing across or through 4. to display d. to cut short 5. to polish e. to scrap; to make a scraping noise 6. to intersect f. to trickle through slowly 7. to truncate g. to get; to gain 8. to shatter h. to make visible or noticeable 9. to rasp i. to cut a hole in something 10. to acquire j. to make smooth and shiny by rubbing
Adjectives: 1. jagged a. hard but easily broken 2. table-flat b. grooved 3. fluted c. having a keen cutting edge 4. sharp d. with rough uneven edges 5. brittle e. going up 6. headward f. even or smooth
Exercise 2. Read the text “Glaciers and Glaciation” and find in it the words with the following meanings to fill in the crossword below (in the crossword all words are in singular number):
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