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Unit 3. Glaciations


Date: 2015-10-07; view: 575.


Study the list of vocabulary and pronounce the words after the teacher:

Vocabulary:


glacier ['glæsiə] – ëåäíèê

glaciation [‚gleisi'ei∫(ə)n] – (êîíòèíåíòàëüíîå) îëåäåíåíèå

twilight ['twailait] – ïåðèîä çàêàòà

to retreat [tə ri'tri:t] – îòñòóïàòü

trace [treis] – ñëåä, îòïå÷àòîê

jagged ['dჳægit] – íåðîâíî îòîðâàííûé, çóá÷àòûé

gouged-out [gaudჳd aut] – âûäàâëåííûé, âûáèòûé

upland valley ['ëplənd 'væli] – ãîðíàÿ äîëèíà

swamp [swɔmp] – áîëîòî, òîïü, òðÿñèíà

changed river courses – èçìåí¸ííûå ðóñëà ðåê

boulder-strewn ['bəuldə stru:n] – ðàçáðîñàííûå

ãëûáû/ ìàññà, ïîêðûòûé ãëûáàìè/ ìàññîé çåìëè

table-flat prairies ['pre(ə)riz] – ðîâíûå ïðåðèè/ ñòåïè

to exceed [tə ik'si:d] – ïðåâûøàòü

to melt [tə melt] – òàÿòü

boundary ['baund(ə)ri] – ãðàíèöà, ïðåäåë

height [hait] – âûñîòà

to vary [tə 've(ə)ri] – ìåíÿòü, èçìåíÿòü

latitude ['lætitju:d] – øèðîòà

to bury [tə 'beri] – õîðîíèòü, ïîãðåáàòü

to recrystallize – ïåðåêðèñòàëëèçèðîâàòü(ñÿ)

to acquire [tə ə'kwaiə] – ïðèîáðåñòè; îáíàðóæèòü è

ñîïðîâîæäàòü îáúåêò (ðàäàðîì è ò. ï.)

boulder ['bəuldə] – âàëóí, ãëûáà, ìàññà

sole [səul] – ãåîë. ïîäîøâà; åäèíñòâåííûé,

èñêëþ÷èòåëüíûé

to gouge [tə gaudჳ] – âûäàëáëèâàòü, âûäàâëèâàòü

to rasp [tə ra:sp] – ñêðåñòè, ñêîáëèòü

to pass [tə pa:s] – ïðîõîäèòü ìèìî

to abrade down [tə ə'breid] – ñòèðàòü, ñíàøèâàòü òðåíèåì

smooth [smu:ð] – ãëàäêèé, ðîâíûé

fluted ['flu:tid] – ðèôë¸íûé, âîëíèñòûé

grooved [gru:vd] – ïîêðûòûé ñëåäàìè ïîòîêîâ/ ðó÷ü¸â,

ðèôë¸íûé

thaw [θɔ:] – îòòåïåëü

to seep [tə si:p] – ïðîñà÷èâàòüñÿ, ïðîòåêàòü

fissure ['fi∫ə] – òðåùèíà

to joint [tə dჳɔint] – îáúåäèíèòü(ñÿ), ñîåäèíèòü(ñÿ)

to shatter [tə '∫ætə] – ðàçáèòü âäðåáåçãè, ðàñêîëîòü, ðàçäðîáèòü

avalanche ['ævela:n∫] – ëàâèíà, ñíåæíûé îáâàë

downcutting – óãëóáëåíèå, âðåçàíèå

side – ñòîðîíà

debris ['deibri] – îñêîëêè, îáëîìêè

to display [tə dis'plei] – ïîêàçûâàòü

striation [strai'ei∫(ə)n] – ãåîë. ïîëîñû ñêîëüæåíèÿ

to polish [tə 'pɔli∫] – ïîëèðîâàòü, øëèôîâàòü

effect [i'fekt] – ðåçóëüòàò, ñëåäñòâèå

longitudinal section [‚lɔndჳi'tju:d(ə)nəl 'sek∫(ə)n] –

ïðîäîëüíûé ðàçðåç

bedrock ['bedrɔk] – ãåîë. êîðåííàÿ ïîäñòèëàþùàÿ ïîðîäà, áåäðîê

brittle ['britl] – õðóïêèé, ëîìêèé

bend – ñãèá, èçãèá, êðèâèçíà, ïîâîðîò, íàêëîí

shear [∫iə] – ãîðí. âåðòèêàëüíûé âðóá (â çàáîå)

to glide [tə glaid] – ñêîëüçèòü, ïëàâíî äâèãàòüñÿ

to modify – èçìåíÿòü

interlocking pattern – âçàèìîñâÿçàííàÿ ñèñòåìà

meandering river erosion [mi'ænd(ə)riŋ 'rivə i'rəuჳ(ə)n] – ðàçðóøåíèå èçâèëèñòîãî ðóñëà ðåêè

to straighten [tə 'streitn] – âûïðÿìëÿòü(ñÿ), ðàñïðàâëÿòü

to truncate [tə 'trëŋkeit] – îòñåêàòü âåðõóøêó, îáðåçàòü

truncate ['trëŋkeit] – óñå÷¸ííûé, îáðåçàííûé

tributary – ïðèòîê ðåêè

horn [hɔ:n] – îñòðûé êîíåö, âûñòóï

arête [ə're(i)t] – ôð. îñòðûé ãðåáåíü ãîðû

cirque [sə:k] – ãåîë. ëåäíèê â ãîðàõ, âîðîíêîîáðàçíûé ïðîâàë

sharp [∫a:p] – îñòðûé, ðåçêèé

pyramidal ['pirəmidl] – ïèðàìèäàëüíûé, èìåþùèé ôîðìó ïèðàìèäû

headward ['hedwəd] – íàïðàâëåííûé ââåðõ ê ãîëîâå/ ê èñòîêàì è ò. ï.

to intersect [tə ‚intə'sekt] – ïåðåñåêàòü, ïðîõîäèòü ÷åðåç

ridge [ridჳ] – ãîðíûé êðÿæ, õðåáåò, ãðÿäà ãîð

to tend – èìåòü òåíäåíöèþ

shield [∫i:ld] – ïðîõîä÷åñêèé ùèò

bowl-shaped [bəul ∫eipt] – â ôîðìå ÷àøè

tarn [ta:n] – ãåîë. êàðîâîå îçåðî

to trickle [tə 'trikl] – ñî÷èòüñÿ, êàïàòü

rough [rëf] – ãðóáûé

uneven ['ën'i:v(ə)n] – íåðîâíûé

edge [edჳ] – êðàé

keen [ki:n] – îñòðûé

interlock [‚intə(:)'lɔk] – ñîåäèíÿòüñÿ, ñêðåïëÿòüñÿ, ñìûêàòüñÿ; òåõ. áëîêèðîâàòü

 


 

Exercise 1. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right:

Nouns:

1. thaw a. the end of something; the period of sunset

2. swamp b. regions considered in relation to their distance from the equator

3. trace c. small mountain lake

4. avalanche d. watery area of land; bog

5. tarn e. mass of snow or ice falling down

6. latitude f. large rounded rock

7. twilight g. weather causing snow and ice to melt

8. boulder h. mark on the ground left by something

Verbs:

1. to seep a. to break into pieces

2. to gouge b. to move back

3. to retreat c. to meet and cross; to divide by passing across or through

4. to display d. to cut short

5. to polish e. to scrap; to make a scraping noise

6. to intersect f. to trickle through slowly

7. to truncate g. to get; to gain

8. to shatter h. to make visible or noticeable

9. to rasp i. to cut a hole in something

10. to acquire j. to make smooth and shiny by rubbing

 

Adjectives:

1. jagged a. hard but easily broken

2. table-flat b. grooved

3. fluted c. having a keen cutting edge

4. sharp d. with rough uneven edges

5. brittle e. going up

6. headward f. even or smooth

 

Exercise 2. Read the text “Glaciers and Glaciation” and find in it the words with the following meanings to fill in the crossword below (in the crossword all words are in singular number):

      G        
      L          
      A      
  C            
    I          
    E          
    R            
  1. the heaviness of an object
  2. a low area between hills
  3. a pointed top of a mountain
  4. an average weather of a place
  5. a stream of fresh water
  6. a distance from base to top
  7. large treeless area of grassland

 


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