Part 1.Geological Work of Ground Water
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 411.
Unit 4. Ground Water
Study the list of vocabulary and pronounce the words after the teacher:
Vocabulary:
to trap [tə træp] – ñòàâèòü ëîâóøêó/ êàïêàí, çàìàíèâàòü, ïîéìàòü
connate ['kɔneit] – ãåîë. ðåëèêòîâûé, âðîæä¸ííûé
igneous magma ['igniəs 'mægmə] – âóëêàíè÷åñêàÿ ìàãìà
juvenile water ['dჳu:vənail] – ãåîë. þâåíèëüíàÿ âîäà
septarium (pl. septaria) [sep'te(ə)riəm] – ãåîë. ñåïòàðèÿ (ìí.÷. ñåïòàðèè)
septarian [sep'te(ə)riən] –
nodule ['nɔdjul] – ãåîë. ðóäíàÿ ïî÷êà; æåëâàê; êîíêðåöèÿ
to dissolve [tə di'zɔlv] – ðàñòâîðÿòü(ñÿ), ðàçëàãàòü(ñÿ)
cave [keiv] – ïåùåðà
cavern ['kævən] – ãåîë. êàâåðíà, êàðñòîâàÿ ïóñòîòà
carbonate rock ['ka:bən(e)it] – ãåîë. êàðáîíàò
porosity [pɔ:'rɔsiti] – ïîðèñòîñòü, íîçäðåâàòîñòü, ñêâàæèñòîñòü
porosity of the rock – ãåîë. ïðîíèöàåìîñòü ãîðíîé ïîðîäû
pore [pɔ:] – ãåîë. ïîðà, ñêâàæèíà
grain [grein] – çåðíî, ïåñ÷èíêà, ÷àñòèöà
to allow [tə ə'lau] – ïîçâîëÿòü, ðàçðåøàòü, äîïóñêàòü
fine-grained [‚fain'greind] – ìåëêîçåðíèñòûé
to sort [tə sɔ:t] – ðàñïðåäåëÿòü, ñîðòèðîâàòü, êëàññèôèöèðîâàòü
sorting ['sɔ:tiŋ] – ñîðòèðîâêà
fine [fain] – ìåëêèé (ïåñîê)
limestone ['laimstəun] – èçâåñòíÿê
to enlarge [tə in'la:dჳ] – óâåëè÷èâàòü(ñÿ), ðàñøèðÿòü(ñÿ), óñèëèâàòü(ñÿ)
joint [dჳɔint] – ñòûê, ñîåäèíåíèå, ìåñòî ñîåäèíåíèÿ; îáúåäèí¸ííûé, ñîâìåñòíûé, îäíîâðåìåííûé
sandstone ['sændstəun] – ïåñ÷àíèê
aeration [e(ə)'rei∫(ə)n] – ïðîâåòðèâàíèå, âûâåòðèâàíèå, àýðàöèÿ
saturation [‚sæt∫ə'rei∫(ə)n] – íàñûùåíèå, ïðîïèòûâàíèå
impervious rock [im'pə:viəs] – íåïðîíèöàåìàÿ/ íå ïðîïóñêàþùàÿ âëàãó ïîðîäà
aquifer ['ækwifə] – ãåîë. âîäîíîñíûé ïëàñò, âîäîíîñíûé ãîðèçîíò ïî÷âû
permeability [‚pə:miə'biliti] – ïðîíèöàåìîñòü, ïðîõîäèìîñòü
hole [huəl] – äûðà
cliff [klif] – êðóòîé ñêëîí, îòêîñ, óò¸ñ
to permit [tə pə'mit] – ïîçâîëÿòü, ðàçðåøàòü
to penetrate [tə 'penitreit] – ïðîíèêàòü âíóòðü, ïðîõîäèòü ñêâîçü
to intersect [‚intə(:)'sekt] – ïåðåñåêàòü(ñÿ), ñêðåõùèâàòü(ñÿ)
to give off – âûäåëÿòü
whenever – êîãäà áû íè, âñÿêèé ðàç êîãäà
perched [pə:t∫t] – ïîâûøåííûé
saucer ['sɔ:sə] – áëþäöå, ïîääîííèê
Exercise 1. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right:
A. Nouns:
1. cave a. a small seed or a hard particle
2. pore b. putting gas into a liquid
3. grain c. large hole in a hill or cliff
4. limestone d. soaking thoroughly
5. aeration e. sedimentary rock used in building
6. saturation f. tiny openings in the surface of rock
B. Verbs:
1. to trap a. to meet and cross
2. to dissolve b. to permit
3. to allow c. to make or grow larger
4. to sort d. to catch
5. to enlarge e. to arrange according to kind
6. to intersect f. to cause to become liquid
Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park discharges a column of water and steam up to 170 feet high approximately every 65 minutes.
Exercise 2. Separate the following text into words and sentences and then read it and translate it into Russian:
Ground water
Groundwaterisfoundalmosteverywherebelowtheearthssurfacemostoriginatesfromrainandsnowbutsmallquantitiescomefromwatertrappedinsedimentsduringtheirdepositionconnatewaterorfromigneousmagmasjuvenilewater.
Exercise 3. Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the word given below and then translate it into Russian:
Porosity
Septarian nodule is formed from 1 … deposited by groundwater in claylike rocks. Groundwater is an important 2 … in both deposition and erosion of surface rocks. It can dissolve original cementing materials and deposit new ones. For example, it produces 3 … and caverns by solution in carbonate rocks.
Porosity, the percentage of pore space to 4 … volume of a rock, depends upon the grain 5 …, shape, packing, and cement of rock particles. The permeability of a 6 …, or its capacity to transmit or yield water, depends upon the size of pores, rather than their total volume. Pores 7 …than 1/20 of a millimeter will not allow water to flow through them.
Well-sorted sand (enlarged view) with 8 …porosity due to sorting, which has removed fine-grained particles.
Poorly sorted 9 …has lower porosity than well-sorted sand, because the pore spaces are filled by fine particles.
Limestones generally hold 10 …in enlarged joints formed by solution; they lack the “pore space” of sandstones.
Missed words:
- – high
- –sand
- –size
- –water
- –caves
- –rock
- –total
- –agent
- –minerals
- –smaller
Exercise 4. Read and translate the following expressions:
the zone of aeration, arid regions, the zone of saturation, water-bearing rock, rarely found, level of the water table, after a dry season, deep enough to penetrate the water, all year round, a saucer of impervious rock
Exercise 5. Read the text “The Water Table” and find in it the words with the following meanings to fill in the crossword below:
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1. administrative division of a country; an area considered as a unit with no definite boundaries
2. hard mineral substance that makes up a part of the earth's crust; large rugged mass of stone
3. arrangement of people or things acting as a unit; structure or shape
4. a top of an object
5. to find a way into or through
6. lacking moisture; having little or no rainfall
7. at a position lower than
8. a water-bearing layer
9. distance downwards
10. one of four divisions of a year
11. desert climate with not enough rainfall to support plants
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| Ex 9 Translate into English. | | | The Water Table |