Modal Verbs
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 476.
Grammar
USE OF ENGLISH
Social English
Speaking
Reading
Use of English
Focus on
HISTORY MAKERS
UNIT 11
Exercise 4. render the article using active vocabulary.
Grammar:
Modal Verbs:
(In)ability: can/could/be able to
Permission and prohibition: can/could/may/be allowed
Obligation and necessity: must/need (to)
Obligation and advice: should/ought to/shall/had better
Possibility: can/could/may/might
Certainty: must/can't/couldn't
Probability: should/ought to/will Request: could/would/can/will
Offer: can/could/shall/will/would
Human Achievements
Polite Request
Modal Verbs (CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT, MUST, NEED (TO, OUGHT TO, SHALL, SHOULD, WILL, WOULD) are used to talk about ability, possibility, obligation, certainty, permission, willingness, etc.
I can speak English rather well. (ability)
He could be in the living room. (possibility)
You must be home by 11o'clock. (obligation)
She hasn't eaten all day. She must be very hungry. (certainty)
May I borrow your car? (permission)
I will help you. (willingness)
| Modal verbs | |||||||||||
| Meaning | can | could | may | must | need | should | ought to | shall | might | will | would |
| (In)ability | v | v | |||||||||
| Permission | v | v | v | v | |||||||
| Prohibition | v | v | v | v | |||||||
| Obligation | v | v | v | ||||||||
| Necessity | v | v | |||||||||
| Advice | v | v | v | ||||||||
| Possibility | v | v | v | v | |||||||
| Certainty | v | v | v | ||||||||
| Probability | v | v | v | ||||||||
| Request | v | v | v | v | |||||||
| Offers | v | v | v |
Positive form is used by putting the modal verb between the subject and the main verb.
They can stay here for a week.
He might be angry if I do that.
Negative form is used by adding not (or n't) after the modal verb.
Tom could not (couldn't) swim when he was a child.
You should not (shouldn't)paint your door.
Questions are formed by putting the modal verb in front of the subject.
"May I leave when I've finished?" he asked.
Must we give them the money?
Instead of some modal verbs we can use other verbs and expressions
e.g. can => be able to; be allowed to; must => have (got) to; etc.
They are not able to run very fast.
It isn't allowed to park here.
I always have to do the shopping.
NOTE:
1. The negative of CAN is cannot or can't
I cannot/can't take a day of whenever I want.
2. NEED can be needn't (modal form) or don't need to (verb form).
You needn't do your homework tonight.
She doesn't need to have a visa to go to France from Britain.
Exercise 1. Rewrite these sentences as questions or negatives.
Example: I must go to work today.
I mustn't go to work today./Must I go to work today?
1. You can answer all the questions.
2. We may park here.
3. On weekdays we could stay up late.
4. Ann might know Tom's address.
5. I ought to write to him tomorrow.
6. Kelly must practise the piano every day.
7. They should be in bed now.
8. We need (to) tell Nick about the party.
| <== previous lecture | | | next lecture ==> |
| Расцвет плакатного национализма | | | BE ABLE TO instead of CAN/COULD |