How it all started.

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 721.

People started travelling long ago. The first travelers were nomads and pilgrims, merchants and traders. They traveled along the rivers, lakes and seas. The first travelers used the simple means of travelling: boats and ferries on the water and camels in the desert.

The most famous travelers were explores. Among them were Marco Polo from Venice in the 13^th century, Afanasy Nikitin from Russia, Christopher Columbus and Vasco de Gama from Potrugal in the 15^th century, Magellan from Spain and Amerigo Vespucci from Italy in the 16^th century, James Cook from England in the 18^th century. They made journeys to Asia, Africa and America.

Travel grew and developed as long as means of transport kept on growing. With the 19^th century the age of modern train came. In the late 19^th century the first motor-cars appeared.

The age of airplanes changed travel crucially. In the early 20^th century jet planes emerged. They made air travel available to all people.

Thomas Cook Company is the oldest travel company in the world. As a matter of fact, Thomas Cook from England opened the age of organized tourism. It started in 1841 when Thomas Cook arranged the first trip for 570 Englishmen by railway. In 1843 Thomas Cook organized the first group tour by train. This time he provided tourists with meals and tickets for the races. So it was the first package tour. He also set up the first travel agency.

Answer the questions:

1. Who were the first travelers? 2. What means of travelling did they use? 3. What helped travel grew and developed? 4. Which company is the oldest travel company in the world? 5. When did the first package tour take place?

IV. Match the words and translate the word combinations:

Hiking agency_________________

Hitch luggage_________________

Travel trip_____________________

Package passenger________________

Hand hike_____________________

Fellow tour____________________

V. Complete the sentences:

a. The first travelers were________________________________

b. You can buy tickets__________________________________

c. Travel agencies help people_____________________________

d. People who like nature_________________________________

e. Many people travel_____________________________________

VI. Read below about the holiday plans of three people traveling to Turkey and complete the table.

Planning your trip: 1. Selim.We're going for a winter holiday to Istanbul. We prefer not to go

on holiday in summer because of the crowds and I'd like to visit family I have there. We'll probably go skiing for a few days. Not many people know this, but you can go skiing in the Uludag National Park which is about sixty miles south of Istanbul. We'll also do some shopping in some of Istanbul's markets and buy a kilim (a Turkish carpet).

2. Greta. Kas is my dream. I've visited it once before and I'm going again this summer with friends. The town is set between the mountains and the sea. There are no beaches to speak of but most of the hotels have platforms where you can go into the sea. We're going camping at Kas because it has a swimming platform and a café and we can sunbathe at a campsite. The town comes alive at night. The harbour is lit up and the bars play music. There are great views of the Greek island of Meis and there are lots of boat trips from Kas. I think I'll take one to Limonaza. It's a beautiful island and and it's just twenty minutes away.

3. Ben. I used to teach ancient history at school so my wife and I are going on an archaeological tour around Turkey. After a few days in Istanbul, we're going to visit the ancient city of Troy which is famous for the Trojan Horse. It was discovered by archaeologists in the nineteenth century but, unfortunately, not much of the city survives today. I'm sure we'll visit the defense wall, the palaces and Roman theatre as part of the tour. We won't, of course, be able to see the legendary wooden horse, but there's a modern replica.

Read the text again and answer the questions:

1. What will Selim do in Uludag National Park?

a. go shopping b. go skiing c. visit family d. fly

2. What is Selim going to by at the market?

a. a typical plate b. a Turkish carpet c. Turkish sweets d. fabrics

3. Where is Greta going to sunbath in Kas?

a. on a boat b. on an island c. at the campsite d. on the beach

4. Where will Greta take a boat to?

a. the cafes and bars b. the island of Meis c. the island of Limonaza d. Kas

5. Which of the following will Ben and his wife not see?

a. an ancient city of Troy b.palaces and Roman theatre c. ancient walls d. original Trojan horse

What do you think each person is going to buy? Fill in the gaps using the words in the table. There is one extra gift.