Translate the following sentences paying attention to the ways of translation of –ing-forms.

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 412.

Translate the following sentences paying attention to Participle I.

1. The scientist working at this design is well known. 2. Carrying out the experiment he made use of some new instruments. 3. These new devices are replacing their older equivalents. 4. Speaking about the new method of work the engineer told us many interesting details. 5. Radio occupies one of the leading places among the greatest achieve­ments of modern engineering. 7. Being cooled water turns into ice. 8.Theelectric current passing through a wire will heat it. 9. Transistors contain no moving parts. 10. The scientist is carrying on an important research. 11. Developing the new method they achieved good results.

1. Having improved this device they could use it for many purposes. 2. When making the experiment he made notes. 3. The vibrations of a voice speaking into the microphone of a telephone cause vibrations in an electric current. 4. This varying current is carried along a wire to a receiver. 5. Electronics has developed into hundreds of research institutes and laboratories employing tens of thousands of people. 6. Having been discovered many years ago this metal found a wide application in industry only last year. 7. While being checked the motor showed good performance. 8. The man introducing this famous scientist is the dean of our faculty. 9. Cybernetics is gaining a growing importance.

4. Translate paying attention to the ways of translation of -ed-forms.

A.

Early radios used crystal diodes to detect radio signals. These diodes allowed current to flow in one direction but not in the other.

B.

As electronics advanced, the design of the electron tube also progressed. Many of these advancements have resulted in a need for new kinds of diodes and triodes. And new ele­ments have been added to the triode.

C. The Cathode

The directly heated cathode is a coated filament. The filament is often made of tungsten coated with thorium (this is called thoriated tungsten). The thorium acts as a good emitter of electrons when it is heated. The electrons emitted by the thorium are replaced by those emitted by the tungsten. The indirectly heated cathode consists of a metal cylinder heated by a filament placed inside. This type of cathode is usually coated with barium or strontium oxide.

5. Translate paying attention to the ways of translation of when+verb+-ed.

1. Certain materials emit electrons readily when heated. This is called thermionic emission. 2. When coated with a heat-sensitive material, the filament serves as a cathode and is called a directly heated cathode, 3. When placed in a vacuum tube, a plate does not receive electrons directly from the cathode. 4. When compared to the changes in R_p (place resistance), the AC plate resistance may be considered almost a constant for a particular triode. 5. When processed properly the substance acquires (приобретать) some new required prop­erties. 6. The thorium acts as a good emitter of electrons when heated.

6. Change the complex sentences given below according to the examples and translate them into Russian:

Example A:

While she was preparing for her physics exam she looked through all the notes of the lectures.

While preparing for her physics exam she looked through all the notes of the lecture.

1. When he was translating the article he used a dictionary. 2. While the student was working at the problem he made many experiments. 3. When the scientist was carrying out research in the field of nuclear physics he came to Dubna to work there. 4. When the worker was applying the new method of work he got better results. 5. While he was experimenting with this substance he was very careful. 6 When the engineer was improving the design he made many calculations. 7. While the man was describing this phenomenon he illustrated it with numerous examples. 8. When these scientists were working in our laboratory they obtained good results.

Example B:

The scientists who are carrying out research into nuclear physics deal with most difficult problems.

The scientists carrying out research into nuclear physics deal with most difficult problems.

1. The scientist who is working at the method is well known. 2. The students who are listening to the taped lesson study at the evening faculty. 3. These postgraduate students who are watching the experiment work in our laboratory. 4. The worker who is repairing the machine is very skilled. 5. The engineer who is carrying out these investigations is a well-known inventor. 6. The students who are doing the laboratory work are from various faculties. 7. The workers who are building this house will soon finish their work.

7. Choose the sentences with Participle I from the ones given below and translate them:

1. The falling water has kinetic energy. 2. While testing the motor we put down the results. 3. There is no simple explanation of the func­tioning of transistors. 4. Obtaining new data engineers can improve their knowledge. 5. Look at the reading of the device. 6. Robots are helping research scientists to answer many difficult questions. 7. By the beginn­ing of the 20th century man had learned something of the structure of the atom. 8. When applying these automatic devices we shall be able to control automatic lines. 9. The applying of lasers enables us to ampli­fy electromagnetic waves. 10. A person beginning some experiment should be very careful and attentive.

8. Analyse the following examples and translate them.

1. A conduction current is a current flowing in a conductor, the electricity being conveyed by the motion of electrons or ions through the material of the conductor. 2. If an uncharged conductor is placed near a positivity charged body, the portion of the conductor nearest to the body becomes negatively charged, the more remote portions being positively charged.

9. Translate these sentences into Russian paying attention to the Absolute Participial Construction. Use the conjunctions так как, поскольку, хотя, после того как, когда, причем, а, если,where possible.

1. The quantum hypothesis having been introduced by Planck in the case of black body radiation, the idea soon found an application in many other directions.

2. According to Coulomb's law, the attractive force between nucleus and electron is e²/r², e being the charge of each.

3. The attractive force bet­ween nucleus and electron being e²/r², it can be shown that the work W which must be performed to take an electron from its orbit and remove it right away from the atom is e²/2r.

4. Work on this point was carried out by several investigators, the most notable being that of Neumann.

5. For metallic conductors the resistance increases with a rise of temperature, the increase being approximately proportional to the rise in temperature.

6. The temperature being left constant, the voltage is gradually increased.

7. Two magnets are lying in equilibrium in the same straight line, the distance between their centres being 100 cm.

8. The temperature of an object being raised, the velocity of electrons increases.

9. With two or more conductors placed near together the alternating flux of each conductor's current influences the current distribution in the others.

10. With the current crowded toward the outer layers, the inner core of the conductor is used to a smaller extent.

11. With an alternating (or varying) current flowing, larger electric potential differences are induced in the inner tubes, and a smaller current density is found in the inner regions.

12. With no resistance in the circuit and with an alternating potential applied, an inductance movement takes place under the following condition.

13. Next consider two parallel sheets of unlike charge, each having a surface density Q as shown in Fig.3.

14. His taking part in the deve­lopment of the new cooling system was of great help to us.

15. Kurchatov's having devoted all his life to nuclear physics is known to everybody.

10.Read and translate the following international words paying attention to suffixes and prefixes:

thermionic, ionization, ionize, correlation, kinetic, sit­uation, spectral, transformation, normal, normally, radia­tion, static, concentration, polarization, vector, practical, practically, reaction, magnetic, typical, elastic, inelastic, identical.