The first / second/last/only

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 456.

· Ali was the first student who arrived at school.

= Ali was the first student to arrive at school.

· He was the last man who left the ship.

= He was the last man to leave the ship.

¨لاحظ تركيب الجملة الآتية:

It + is / was + اسم + who / that …

It + is / was + اسم + which / that …

It was Peter who broke the window.

It was the bus that delayed us.

¨ يمكن حذف ضمير الوصل في الحالات الآنية (مع ضرورة حذف TO BE أيضا):

· إذا كان بعده مبنى للمجهول :

· The book was made into a film. It was written 20 years ago.

The book which was written 20 years ago was made into a film.

The book written 20 years ago was made into a film.

·أو إذا كان بعده جار و مجرور (حرف جر واسم):

· The book is about famous writers. It is on the second shelf.

The book (which is) on the second shelf is about famous writers.

· أو إذا كان بعده اسم أو صفة بعدها اسم:

· John Smith was interviewed on TV. He is a famous runner.

John Smith, (who is) a famous runner, was interviewed on TV.

¨تستخدم where بدلا من which و حرف جر إذا كانت تدل على مكان أو بدلا من there

· The shop was so big. He worked in it.

The shop in which he worked was so big.

The shop where he worked was so big.

· He went to Acapulco. He spent most of his holiday there.

He went to Acapulco where he spent most of his holiday.

¨تستخدم when بدلا من which و حرف إذا كانت تدل على زمن:

¨ The day was remembered for long. They met on it.

The day on which they met was remembered for long.

The day when they met was remembered for long.

¨لاحظ أننا إذا استخدمنا حرف جر في عبارة الوصل ، يأتي حرف الجر قبل ضمير الوصل:

¨ The death of his son was an experience from which he never fully recovered.

¨ It isn't a subject to which I devote a great deal of thought.

¨ Is that the film in which he kills his mother?

¨ The man with whom I spoke a moment ago is a university professor.

¨ The manager to whom I sent the letter didn't agree to give me the job.

¨لابد من استخدام ضمير الوصل إذا جاء في مكان الفاعل و بعده الفعل:

¨إذا حذف ضمير الوصل و كانت الجملة معلوم Active نستخدم :V.+ ING

· The man is very kind. He works in this office.

The man who works in this office is very kind.

The man working in this office is very kind.

¨ يمكن حذف ضمير الوصل إذا جاء مكان المفعول:

· The officer treated me very well. I met him at the police station.

The officer whom/ who/ that I met at the police station treated me very well.

The officer I met at the police station treated me very well.