Victorian Age

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 443.

Tartan

Tartan is a traditional woollen cloth from Scotland that has patterns of squares and lines woven in various colours. Patterns depended originally on dyes available from local plats, so each area developed each own tartan. Tartans were not at first associated with a particular clan. From the late XVIII c., Scottish regiments wore different tartans as an identifying feature, and the design of an individual tartan for each clan followed soon afterwards. The most famous tartans include “Black Watch”, the tartan of the Royal Highland Regiment, which is black and dark green, and “Royal Stuart”, the mainly red tartan of the royal family.

Scotsmen may wear a kilt (a man's skirt with pleats that reaches to the knees) and sometimes a plaid (a cloak), or simply a tie, in their clan's tartan. Few Scots wear tartan as part of their ordinary clothing. Men wear kilts when taking part in Scottish dancing displays or to formal occasions such as weddings.

Women's kilts, skirts and dresses, as well as scarves, bags, travelling rugs, and many other articles, are made in tartan patterns. Goods sold to tourists, such as tins of shortbread biscuits, are decorated with tartan patterns to indicate their origin.

The appearance of the term “Realism”. The leading role of a novel: Ch. Dickens, W. Thackeray, G. Eliot, Bronte sisters. Poetry: R. Browning, E. Browning, A. Tennyson. Drama: B. Show, O. Wilde. Music: E. Elgar, F. Delius, R.V. Williams. The birth of the Cinema. Painting: Pre-Raphaelites – H. Hunt, D.G. Rossetti, J.E. Millais. Architecture: Gothic revival and the revival of crafts.

Questions

1. Why did Queen Victoria personify the spirit of the 19^th c. England?

2. What was the shift in the ideas and values?

3. What did England's world power grow out of?

4. How did the middle class change?

5. Why was literature at that time important?

6. What was Tennyson's most characteristic form of poetry?

7. What kind of people did Thackeray ridicule in his novels?

8. Why can't Dickens be regarded only as an entertainer?

9. What was special about drama of the time?

10. Was music popular?

11. Why were the painters called Pre-Raphaelites?

12. Tell about the architecture of the Victorian period.