Buddhism

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 651.

Islam

Eastern Christianity

-which include Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy and the Church of the East.

Christianity regards the Bible, a collection of canonical books in two parts (the Old Testament and the New Testament), as the authoritative word of God.

Words: attendance (служба), liturgy, to preach (проповедовать), Episcopal, parish, vicar, rector, priest, chaplain, baptism (крещение), confession, service, temple.

- is the predominant religion in the Middle East, North Africa, and large part of Asia. Sizable communities are also found in China and Russia, and parts of the Balkans and the Caribbean;

- is the second-largest religion in the world and arguably the fastest growing religion in the world;

- is articulated bythe Koran, a religious book. It's the verbatim word of the single incomparable God , and by the Prophet of Islam Muhammad's demonstrations and real-life examples.

Religious practices include the Five Pillars of Islam, which are five duties that unite Muslims into a community:

-to believe in only one God and that Mohammed was his prophet. (confession of faith)

- to give Zakat, part of one's personal wealth, to a charity once a year.

- to fast in the hours of daylight during the month of Ramadan.

-to pray five times a day.

- to visit the holy Ka'ba in Mecca at least once in lifetime.

The Islam has two main denominations: the Sunni and the Shi'a.

Islam sanctified marriage, required that a woman give free consent before marriage, and even included them in family inheritances.

Words:the mosque (мечеть), Imam, prophet (пророк), fasting (пост), moderation (умеренность), convert (новообращенный), free consent before marriage, misconception (ошибочное, неверное представление).

- is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices;

- was founded by Siddhartha Gautama(commonly known as the Buddha) in the 6th century BCE. He is recognized by adherents as an awakened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end suffering, achieve nirvana, and escape what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth.

- have two major branches of Buddhism are recognized: Theravada ("The School of the Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle").

- is the world's fourth-largest religion

The foundations of Buddhist tradition and practice are the Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community).

The practices may include renouncing conventional living and becoming a monastic, support of the monastic community, meditation, cultivation of wisdom, study of scriptures, physical exercises, devotion and ceremonies, or invocation of bodhisattvas.

The religion is exposed to criticism a long time. Critics consider religion to be outdated, harmful to the individual (such as brainwashing of children, faith healing, circumcision), harmful to society (such as holy wars, terrorism, wasteful distribution of resources), to impede the progress of science, and to encourage immoral acts (such as blood sacrifice, discrimination against homosexuals and women).