What is the effect of the integrated system?

A recent study, financed by the European Commission, concluded that there is a very real need for new technologies which can improve the efficiency of high temperature cogeneration (> 600° C). This new project provides for the demonstration of an innovative plant compris-

Unit 9. Fossil Fuels

ing a conventional "base" gas turbine (6 MW) with a newer Oxipar gas turbine (1 MW).

The Oxipar turbine is fed with compressed air from the base gas tur­bine, steam from the boiler and natural gas. It exhausts a combustible gas into a power turbine driving a generator, and then into the burner of a boiler. The effect of the integrated system is to raise the electrical efficiency from 18% to nearly 21%, for the same 80% global thermal efficiency. Expected costs per kW installed are about 20% lower than those of equivalent conventional systems.

JUST FOR FUN • Read and retell the text.

SCIENTISTS SMILE Exothermic' or Endothermic²

A thermodynamics professor gave his graduate students a take-home exam. It had one question: "Is hell (ад) exothermic or endothermic? Support your answer with a proof. Most of the students wrote proofs of their beliefs using Boyle's Law or some variant. One student, how­ever, wrote the following:

First, we postulate³ that if souls exist, then they must have some mass. If they do, then a mole⁴ of souls can also have a mass. So, at what rate are souls moving into hell and at what rate are souls leav­ing? I think that we can safely assume (предположить) that once a soul gets to hell, it will not leave. Therefore, no souls are leaving. As for souls entering hell, lets look at the different religions that exist in the world today. Some of these religions state that if you are not the member of their religion, you will go to hell. Since there are more than one of these religions and people do not belong to more than one religion, we can project that all people and all souls go to hell. With birth and death rates (уровни) as they are, we can expect the number of souls in hell to increase exponentially⁵. Now, we look at the rate (скорость) of change in volume in hell. Boyle's Law states that in order for the temperature and pressure in hell to stay the same, the ratio (соотношение) of the mass of souls and volume needs to stay constant-.

72 Section I. Power Engineering

# 1 — So, if hell is expanding at a slower rate than the rate at which souls enter hell, then the temperature and pressure in hell will increase until all hell breaks loose⁶, meaning that hell is exothermic.

#2 — Of course, if hell is expanding at a rate faster than the increase of souls in hell, then the temperature and pressure will drop until hell freezes over (замерзнет), meaning that hell is endothermic.

So which is it? If we accept the postulate given me by Therese Ban­yan during freshman year, and take into account the fact that I still have not succeeded with her, then #2 cannot be true. Therefore, hell is exothermic.

1 — экзотермический, теплопоглощающий; 2 — эндотермический, теплоот-дающий; 3 — допускаем; 4 — грамм-молекула; 5 — экспоненциально, по­казательно; 6 — выйдет из-под контроля

^^тunit ю^^ш

NUCLEAR POWER

PARTI

• Read the following texts below and define the main difference in the contents of the texts.

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CO-UTILISATION Co-Utilisation of Gasified Biomass, Refuse and Coal	|	Adam Zolciak

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