UNIT 2. Daily LIFE

By doing nothing we learn to do ill.

English saying

Lead-in

1. Remember some words of wisdom.

· “The secret of your future is hidden in your daily routine.” (Mike Murdock)

• “Every morning you are handed 24 golden hours. They are one of the few things in this world that you get free of charge. If you had all the money in the world, you couldn’t buy an extra hour. What will you do with this priceless treasure?” (Author Unknown)
• “It has been my observation that most people get ahead during the time that others waste.” (Henry Ford)

2. Read the text and answer the questions below.

PLANNING ONE’S DAILY ROUND

Have you ever thought that 24 hours isn’t enough to do all you have to do? All of us have so many duties and obligations! In addition to the daily routine at offices, schools, hospitals, etc., we have always got some housework to do and shopping, we have to cook the meals and keep the house clean. It is really surprising how much work some people manage to do! But it often happens that we don’t have enough time to do everything and put it off till “some other time”. What do you think is the reason? Why do some people manage and not others?

A lot depends on how you plan your daily round. If you plan your day carefully, you’ll be able to do more and it takes you less time.

Planning the day is especially necessary for people who want to make time for important things. Many outstanding people say that a daily timetable has helped them greatly to achieve what they have.

1. Do you agree that 24 hours isn’t enough to do all we have to do?

2. Do you often put off things till some other time? Why?

3. Do you find it necessary to plan your daily round? Give your reasons.

4. Some people say that a strict timetable makes life dull and uninteresting. What do you think?

VOCABULARY

Word building

3. Translate the derivatives; say to what part of speech they belong.

1. depend (v) – зависеть → dependence, independence, dependent, independent
2. tire (v) – утомлять(ся) → tiring, tired, tiredness
3. busy (a) – деятельный; занятой → busily, busyness
4. idle (a) – ленивый; незанятый → idly, idleness
5. patient (a) – терпеливый → patiently, impatient, impatiently
6. sleep (v) – спать → oversleep, sleeper

4. Choose the corresponding English word.

5. Complete the sentences below using the correct adjective.

1. I think that rainy days in autumn are ___. (depressing/depressed)
2. They arrived back from their long walk, ___ but happy. (tiring/tired)
3. I was very ___ to hear you’re well again. (pleasing/pleased)
4. At times, English can be a ___ language to learn. (confusing/confused)
5. Many young people are ___ about what career to choose – there are so many possibilities. (confusing/confused)
6. I really like Spielberg’s films – they’re always so ___. (exciting/excited)
7. You must be feeling really ___ about getting married. (exciting/excited)
8. I’m not going to watch it. It sounds really ___. (boring/bored)
9. She’s ___ of doing the same thing every day. (boring/bored)
10. I was ___ to hear that Simon got married. (amazing/amazed)
11. Dogs often feel ___ during fireworks. (frightening/frightened)
12. The metro can be ___ the first time you use it. (confusing/confused)
13. I felt very ___ because I didn’t know whether he wanted to see me or not. (confusing/ confused)
14. I was ___ to hear about the earthquake. (shocked/shocking)
15. I’ve never seen him looking so ___. (tiring/tired)
16. If you’re ___ I can let you have the title of the book. (interesting/interested)

6. Match the words of similar meaning.

7. Match the words to their opposites.

8. Read and translate the sentences.

1. Jenny usually wakes up at about six in the morning. 2. Terry asked his mother to wake him up at six o’clock. 3. Are you awake yet? 4. Daniel disliked having to get up early in the morning. 5. We got up late this morning and missed our favourite programme. 6. I think I’ll go to bed late tonight and sleep in tomorrow. 7. I’m going to bed. We have a busy day ahead of us tomorrow. 8. It was Sunday and we wanted to sleep in but the telephone woke us at seven o’clock. 9. Tim was late for work this morning because he overslept. 10. You’re not getting enough sleep. 11. I’ll have enough time to read the report this evening. 12. We don’t have enough time to go shopping now. 13. My Spanish isn’t good enough to understand Spanish radio. 14. Ella didn’t have enough free time to learn another language. 15. She didn’t arrive early enough to see the first part of the film. 16. This room isn’t large enough for public meetings. 17. Tomorrow I have to leave early to get the train up to Michigan. 18. I’m leaving for Paris on Tuesday. 19. When we arrived at the port the boat had just left. 20. You wait half an hour for a bus, then six of them arrive at once. 21. I was too busy preparing for my exam to watch the football game. 22. If you get tired, just stop for a while. 23. A tired driver has slower reactions than one who is wide awake. 24. Lily was tired out with travelling and slept almost at once. 25. Why don’t you take a taxi – it’s a tiring walk from the station to my house. 26. The job is tiring but rewarding. 27. It was the end of a long day. Tiredness overwhelmed me. 28. We arrived at the hotel at midnight but were too sleepy to notice our beautiful surroundings. 29. I’ve only just got out of bed and I’m still half-asleep. 30. Most days the bus is on time but today it was 10 minutes late. 31. I hate not being on time for class. 32. Don’t worry, I’ll be back in time to cook dinner. 33. Come in. You’re just in time for a cup of coffee. 34. I managed to catch her just as she was leaving the office. 35. I’ve never managed to catch a train with any time to spare. 36. How do you spend your spare time? 37. We don’t really do anything interesting in our free time. 38. Could I have a timetable for trains to London please? 39. I want a schedule of flights from Boston to New York. 40. What’s the schedule for today’s meeting? 41. My schedule’s pretty light next week – why don’t we meet sometime? 42. Despite the food arriving late, the party was a success. 43. He is a successful student with a bright future. 44. By the age of twenty, she had already achieved fame and wealth.

9. Fill in the correct word from the list below. Some words may be used more than once.

1. She was ___ at my tactlessness.
2. He often acts without ___.
3. It was ___ to sit there without anything to do.
4. I was so___ – I almost fell asleep.
5. She has a ___ of leaving the front door open when she goes out.
6. She is very hard to___.
7. He was deep in___.
8. Children get bored if they don’t have ___ to do.
9. I usually ___ too tired to cook after a day at the office.
10. At first you think “I’ll just have one cigarette,” but then it becomes a ___ and you’re smoking 60 a day.
11. I’m afraid she has a very busy ___ at the moment and she doesn’t have time for interviews.

10. Match the sentence beginnings (a-g) with their endings (1-7).

SOCIAL ENGLISH

Time Expressions

Telling the time

11. Match the time.

12. What is the difference between 8 a.m. and 8 p.m.? Look at the chart and check your answer.

note:

00.00 = midnight

12.00 = midday (noon)

in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening / in the daytime

BUT: at night / at midnight / at noon

13. Match the times that are the same.

Example: 03.00 — 3 a.m. — three o’clock in the morning

GRAMMAR

Days and Dates

14. Practice saying these important dates in the Russian calendar.

a) 07/01 b) 23/02 c) 08/03 d) 01/05 e) 09/05 f) 12/06 g) 04/11

15. Put in the correct preposition at / on / in or —.

16. Complete the following sentences with the correct preposition of time.

1. My birthday is ___ January. In fact it’s ___ January 15^th.
2. I work best ___ night.
3. I start work every morning ___ 9.00 am.
4. My English class is ___ Friday afternoon.
5. My mother was born ___ the fifties.
6. Usually I’ve got lots of presents ___ New Year’s Day.
7. Our town is quiet ___ weekends.
8. The football match is ___ Sunday.
9. ___ autumn it’s always rainy.

17. Work with your partner. Take it in turns to ask and answer the questions.

1. When is your birthday?
2. Was your mother born in the eighties?
3. What time of day do you work best?
4. What time do you start / finish work?
5. Do you ever get a sleep in the afternoon?
6. What time do you go to bed?

Adverbs of frequency

always usually often sometimes never

●●●●●●● ●●●●● ●●● ●

I

always usually often sometimes never

get to work late.

A: How often do you arrive at work on time?

B: I usually arrive at work on time.

18. Rewrite each sentence with the adverb of frequency (in brackets) in its correct position.

Example: I play tennis on Sundays. (often)

Answer: I often play tennis on Sundays.

1. Peter doesn’t get up before seven. (usually)
2. Peggy and Frank are late. (often)
3. They watch TV in the afternoon. (never)
4. My grandmother goes for a walk in the evening. (always)
5. I take sugar in my coffee. (sometimes)
6. Our friends must write tests. (often)
7. Pete gets angry. (never)
8. Tom is very friendly. (usually)
9. Ramon and Frank are hungry. (often)
10. Walter helps his father in the kitchen. (usually)
11. Christine smokes. (never)

19. Work with a partner. Use the adverbs of frequency to talk about your daily routine.

Example:

I usually get up at seven o’clock.

20.Complete the text with the correct form of the word in brackets; translate the text.

Jane (be) always busy with her job. She (get) to the office before 8.30. She (take off) her coat, (put on) her reading glasses and (sit down) at her desk. Then she (read) her mail and (fill out) the daily reports. If she (have) enough time, she (have) a cup of coffee.

At 9 o’clock the other workers (arrive). Some of them (be) too tired to smile. Sometimes Jane (be) too busy to talk, but she (say) hello to everyone.

At 9.30 she (go) into the boss’s office. She (give) him the daily reports. They always (talk) about them for a few minutes. She (tell) the boss her plans for the day. Then she (go back) to her office and (make) phone calls. The company (do) business in England and Japan, so sometimes she (have) to call these countries.

At the end of the day she (pick up) the children at school. They (be) always happy to see her and she (be) always energetic enough to play with them at home. Jane (be) important to the people at the office and to the people at home, and she (do) a good job both places.

21. Match the two halves ofEnglish sayings. Are they similar to any in your own language? How many Russian sayings about time can you think of?

22.What sort of people tend to be unpunctual? Read the following textand check your ideas.

It is Never Too Late to Be Punctual

People who are unpunctual fall into three categories. The first, and saddest comprises the hopelessly incompetent and inefficient who worry about being on time and never are. The second lot are, strange as it may seem, impatient people who cannot bear to be kept waiting, and who make sure they don’t arrive before the appointed time, thus guaranteeing that others must wait for them. If they are outmaneuvered and compelled to wait for someone, they are the first to express disapproval of the bad manners of the latecomers. Finally, there are the egoists determined to impose their own personality on others and to impress their sense of importance on them. An easy way to do this is to keep everyone waiting until the star makes an appearance.

23. Give personal information.

1. How punctual are you? Do you always arrive late, early or on time?
2. Do you think you manage your time wisely? Do you manage time, or does time manage you?
3. Do you schedule out what you have to do every week?
4. Do you make a schedule for every day?
5. Do you have enough time to do things you want to do?
6. What is the most time-consuming thing you do in your life?
7. What do you like doing in your spare time?
8. What would you do if you had a few extra hours in a day?
9. Which time of day do you feel you are most productive in your work or study? Are you a “night owl” or an “early bird”?

Reading

24. Read the text and do the task below. Use your dictionary to help.

PAUL BROWN'S DAILY ROUTINE

Friday morning. The alarm clock goes off at 7. Paul usually gets up easily but not this time. It’s not simple to wake up so early if you go to bed at 3 in the morning. He can hardly open his eyes. Half an hour passes before Paul finally makes himself get up. He is still sleepy. He slowly gets dressed and looks out of the window. It’s drizzling¹ and the sidewalk is wet. There’s nobody in sight². The campus looks deserted. But Paul goes jogging every morning, whatever the weather³. He sighs⁴, puts on his sneakers and goes out. Twenty minutes later he comes back and takes a long shower. As usual jogging and a cold shower do him good. He is wide awake now. Paul looks at the clock. It’s 8.15. Time for breakfast. He goes to the kitchen to make coffee. A cup of coffee is always reviv­ing⁵, especially after the party like yesterday’s. He smiles at the thought of that delicious birthday cake. But the smile vanishes⁶ the moment he remembers his schedule for today. He’s got three classes on Friday.

9.00–10.30 – German Class

11.00–12.30 – Political System of Germany

14.00–15.30 – German Literature

Anything else? An appointment with his tutor at 4 o’clock. He completely forgot! And there’s an essay to finish! When in the world can he do that? He suddenly remembers: lunch time (12.30—14.00). Well, he can’t afford⁷ a regular lunch today, just a quick snack. It gives him at least an extra hour more to finish his essay and get ready for the discussion. His tutor is always very critical of his students’ homework. You must know your subject well enough to answer his tricky questions.

8.50. Paul rushes out of the house. It doesn’t take him long to get to the college. So at 8.55 he is at the universi­ty. All the students in his class are already there. They’re very glad to see Paul. And so is he. At 9 o’clock Mr Lewis comes in and the class starts. Mr Lewis’s classes are Paul’s favourite ones. Time flies quickly. He enjoys the class so much that the end of the class at 10.30 always comes as a surprise. 10.30–11.00. Coffee break. Paul and the other students go to a coffee bar to have a chat over a cup of coffee. 11.00. Back to another class. It’s rather difficult for Paul to concentrate on the subject, all the more so he doesn’t like it too much. It isn’t as in­teresting as Mr Lewis’s German Class. Honestly Paul finds it boring.

12.30. Lunch time. Everybody hurries to the dining hall. But Paul doesn’t. At lunchtime he is at his desk in his room. So much work to do and so little time! Paul opens his essay book and starts writing. When he looks at the clock, it’s ten minutes past 2. He is late for the class but he feels great. His essay is ready! The thought is very comforting. Friday’s last class is German Literature, an­other of Paul’s favourites. It’s always very interesting and instructive. After the class Paul has got half an hour to look through the essay and his notes. He is no longer afraid of the coming meeting. He feels sure of himself.

The session goes well. The students discuss their es­says. The tutor makes some critical remarks but on the whole he’s quite pleased with their work. Finally he sets work for them to do and they part till next time. On his way home Paul drops in at the student pub. He takes a glass of beer and sits down at the table next to his friends. He looks around. The pub is crowded, as usual at this time. Everybody is laughing and talking. Loud music is playing. But nobody is dancing. It’s too early for that. Paul suddenly feels very tired. He says good-bye to his friends and leaves the pub. The thing is that there is a concert of a Spanish guitar player at the club at 8. Paul doesn’t want to miss it but he needs some rest. The con­cert finishes at 11.30. When Paul comes back home, it’s nearly midnight. At long last the hard day is over! He takes off his clothes and goes to bed straightaway. 5 min­utes later he is fast asleep.

_________________________

¹ drizzle – мелкий дождь; моросить

² in sight – в поле зрения

³ whatever the weather – в любую погоду

⁴ sigh – вздыхать

⁵ reviv­e – восстанавливать (силы, энергию)

⁶ vanish – исчезать, пропадать

⁷ afford – (быть в состоянии) позволить себе

25. Are the following statements true or false? If false, say why.

1. On Friday mornings Paul never gets up before 8.15.

2. Paul always goes to bed until midnight.

3. Paul doesn’t care about the weather when he goes jogging.

4. He almost never has a regular lunch in the after­noon. Instead, he has a quick snack.

1. Paul’s college is a five minutes’ walk from the hall where he lives.

6. Paul doesn’t like all the subjects he’s studying but only some of them.

7. Paul is self-confident because he’s always ready for his classes.

8. He feels comfortable at the thought that his essay is ready.

9. The tutor is displeased with Paul’s work and he tells him to come next time.

10. There’s a student pub not far from Paul’s hall.

11. After classes Paul doesn’t drop in the pub because he is too tired.

12. In the evening he goes to the pub to see a concert of a Spanish guitar player.

26. How do you remember all the things you have to do each day / week / month? Read the article and find out how many of your ideas are mentioned. Do you agree with the other ideas?

TIME-SAVING TIPS

Making lists is relaxing. It makes you feel important – all those things to do. It calms you down (it’s OK, it’s on a list somewhere) and it makes you feel good when you cross something off.

The world divides into two types of list-makers. Type A makes orderly lists, prioritises and calmly sets to work on them. Type В waits until panic sets in, grabs the nearest envelope and scribbles¹ all over it, sighs with relief² and promptly loses it.

The more you have to do, the more you need a list, and few people with high-powered jobs get by without them.

Julie Rost, chief executive³ of a large chain of supermarkets, says, “Before I go to bed, I have to write down everything that’s going to stop me sleeping. If I write something down, I feel I won’t forget it, so my lists are a great comfort.”

Jane Levy used to write Lists, but she would forget where she put them and then waste precious time looking for them. Then a couple of years ago she came up with a new system. Now she writes key words on the back of her hand! “At least I can’t lose it,’ she says. True, but too many trips to the bathroom could have disastrous results.

Des O’Brien, a self-employed business consultant, uses another method for organising his time. He writes a list of things to do and then organises them into categories: things that have to be done straight away; other things that it would be good to do today; things that are important but don’t have to be done immediately; and things that he can put off but that he doesn’t want to forget. “Using categories to order the world is the way the human mind works,” he says.

It’s all a question of what works best for you, whether it’s a tidy notebook, a forest of Post-it^® notes or the back of your hand. Having tried all these, Kerry Johns, student, relies on her personal organiser. “My personal organiser has changed my life,” she says. “Up to now, I’ve always relied on my good memory, but now that I’m working and studying, I find I’ve got too much to keep in my head.”

So what are you waiting for? There’s no better time than the present to take control of your work and life. So, get out your pencil and paper and make a list.

Sue Kay & Vaughan Jones, New Inside Out, Macmillan

_________________________

¹ scribble – писать быстро и небрежно

² relief – облегчение

³ chief executive – президент (компании), директор

27. Read the text and answer the questions below.

Procrastination – a difficult word that makes life difficult

This word is not often used, and probably you’ve never come across it before, still a lot of people (including you may be) procrastinate every day of their lives. Longman dictionary gives the following definition: to procrastinate – to delay repeatedly and without good reason doing something that must be done.

How often do you put off doing something? You know you should do it, but you don’t. We often try to put off difficult tasks, unpleasant things. In spite of what the dictionary says, usually we have reasons for putting things off, we say to ourselves:

• I don’t have time.

• It’s unpleasant.

• I have too many other things to do.

• It’s difficult.

• I don’t feel like doing it now.

• I have a headache.

• I’m tired.

• Let me have a cup of coffee first.

• It might not work.

• I’ll do it when I can concentrate on it.

• I must think about it.

• Before I start I think I’ll take a break.

Well, we can think of plenty of excuses. However scientists say that the main reason for procrastination is fear or worry. We are simply afraid of doing something, so we invent excuses, try to put off doing it and secretly hope that the problem will go away by itself. It does not. Instead procrastination creates more fear and worry and more problems.

Procrastination is a bad habit, which can affect your work and your life. Try to fight it. The following tips may help:

• Keep your to-do list – write down things you have to do.

• Break down big jobs into smaller parts – even five minutes is enough to do something. The most difficult thing is to start. Once you start you usually get going. So get started.

• Try to get a better sense of time. We often think the job will take forever and so we try to avoid it.

• Set deadlines to yourself. If it doesn’t work, make them public.

Remember: procrastination wastes a lot of your time and time lost is lost forever, yesterday will never come back.

· Does procrastination affect your life?

• Do you often put off doing something?
• What do you think is the main reason for procrastination?
• How can we fight a habit of putting off difficult tasks?

FOLLOW-UP

28. Express the following in one word.

1 delay action

2 use without a good purpose

3 fixed date for finishing (doing) something

4 reason given (true or invented) to explain or defend one’s conduct

5 lack of success

29. Fill in the correct word from the list below.

1 There’s always the temptation to … the most difficult task till last.

2 He … until it was too late.

3 He’s always making … for being late.

4 Try to … danger.

5 The thought of … years behind him made Mark sick with bitterness.

6 He had all the attributes of a great leader: charisma, energy, ... and resourcefulness.

7 All great leaders share certain characteristics which must be seen as the key to their ... .

30. Work with a partner. What advice would you give somebody who wants to fight a habit of putting off difficult tasks? Give advice using should or shouldn’t.

Example:

You should learn to plan your time.

You should remember: the longer you put it off, the worse it will be.

You shouldn’t leave your work until it’s done.

31. Render the text in Russian.

.

WHAT ARE THE WAYS TO PREVENT TIREDNESS?

(Some important rules suggested by psychologists)

1. Rest before you get tired (not after).

2. Learn to relax. If you are having hard times find a quiet half-hour all for yourself to gain strength.

3. Don’t forget about four good working habits:

· clean your desk of all papers except those you need at hand;

· do things in order of their importance;

· when you face a problem, first analyse the facts, then make a decision;

· learn to organize things.

4. Put enthusiasm into your work; it’s the only way to enjoy what you are doing.

5. Remember: no one was ever killed by doing well-organized work.

6. Don’t be a mental loafer. Don’t be afraid to concentrate on some ideas, to think hard and to exercise your will and memory.

SPEAKING

Everyday routine

Useful Words and Expressions

to get up / to wake up; to wash / to shave; to have a shower/a bath; to put on one’s clothes / to get dressed; to have breakfast; to go to work/university; to have (a) lunch (break); to finish work; to do some shopping / to go shopping; to go home / to come home; to go to bed / to go to sleep.

32. What’s a typical day for you? Look at the activities below and fill in the time you spend on each activity.

· sleep........

• study.......
• exercise.......
• watch television.......
• surf the Internet.......
• do housework.......

33. Work in pairs or small groups. Discuss the questions about your daily routine.

1. When do you usually get up on weekdays?

2. What’s the first thing you do in the morning?

3. When do you have breakfast?

4. What kind of breakfast do you usually have?

5. Do you have tea or coffee for breakfast?

6. How do you get to university?

7. How long does it usually take you?

8. When do your classes start?

9. When do you have your lunch break?

10. How long does it last?

11. Where do you have lunch?

12. When is your working day over?

13. What do you like doing in the evenings?

14. When do you do your homework?

15. What time do you go to bed?

16. What do you like doing in your spare time?

17. What don’t you like doing at all?

18. Do you go out on Friday evenings? Where do you usually go out?

19. Do you like staying at home? What do you do then?

20. What do you do at weekends?

34. Think about your morning routine from the moment you get out of bed to the moment you leave the house.

· What do you do? What order do you do things in?

• How long does each activity usually take you?

Now compare with a partner. What are the differences?

35. Read through these two morning routines. Underline the correct alternatives. Which person is most like you?

Person A

My alarm goes off early, and it takes me ten minutes to eat my breakfast, drink two cups of coffee, have a shower, pack my bag and read the post and thirty minutes to (1) get dressed / wear. I start thinking about what I’m going to (2) get dressed / wear while I have my breakfast. After a shower, I (3) put on / wear my underwear and then I look in my wardrobe and choose a pair of trousers. If they still (4) fit / look me, I put them on. If they feel a bit tight around the waist, I (5) try them on / take them off and spend a few minutes feeling guilty about all those chocolates I had last night. Then, I choose a looser pair of trousers and think about a top that (6) goes with / fits it. I usually (7) have on / try on two or three tops before I find one that (8) looks / wears right and (9) feels / fits comfortable. Finding a pair of socks usually takes about five minutes – I can find two dozen odd pairs, but none that (10) look / match. By now, I’m late.

Person В

I get up as late as I possibly can and jump in and out of the shower. I (1) put on / fit the trousers I (2) had on / got dressed yesterday and take a shirt out of the wardrobe – it doesn’t matter which one as long as it’s ironed. I find the jacket that (3) fits / goes with the trousers, look down and check that my socks (4) match / feel, and that’s it. Nearly all my clothes are either green or brown, because I’ve been told that they are the only colours that (5) suit / match me. So I never really have to worry about what I (6) look like / go with. The important thing is to make sure I have enough time to enjoy my favourite drink of the day: that first cup of coffee...

36. Work with a partner. Take it in turns to describe your daily routines.

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